- Tell me about yourself, explaining your work in detail

- The collection, an ArrayList in more detailed.

- Interface and oops concepts - Explain your automation framework structure.

- What is a repository, and how it works? - What are the data types used in Selenium?

- What are POM and Selenium Grid? - How Jenkins works

- How do you wait for an element in Selenium? - Some basic SQL Queries and Unix commands.

- Jira Defect Lifecycle

- What is meant by test management?

- What are the types of test reporting?

- What is the difference between verification and validation, with examples?

- Developer review the code, so is it a verification or validation

- Why is it verification?

- Why is it Validation?

- What have you done in your application as QA?

Round 1 :

Write the Selenium Code at framework level to implement below scenario :

- Navigate to an e-commerce site.

- Search for a product (e.g., "laptop").

- Add the product to the cart.

- Proceed to checkout.

- Fill in dummy billing details.

- Complete the order and validate the order confirmation.

Round 2 :

- What is Singleton Design Pattern?

- How do you use Factory Design Pattern ?

- How do you handle exceptions ?

- Can you explain the concept of the Page Factory ?

- How do you manage test data in your Selenium framework?

- How do you execute parallel tests using Selenium Grid or TestNG?

- How do you generate reports in a Selenium framework? Which reporting tools have you used?

- How do you handle synchronization issues in Selenium?

- How do you handle dynamic web elements in Selenium?

- How would you deal with browser compatibility issues?

- How do you handle file uploads and downloads in Selenium?

- How do you integrate your Selenium tests with Jenkins for continuous integration?

- How do you trigger Selenium tests automatically after a build in Jenkins?

- How do you schedule test execution using Jenkins?

- What is Selenium Grid, and how does it help in parallel execution?

- How can you test APIs using Selenium?

- How do you handle SSL certificate issues in Selenium WebDriver?

- What are analytical functions in SQL ?

- What does 409 error code indicate in API Testing?

- What are Hooks in Cucumber?

- Why TestNG came into existence?

- Write Java Code to print all the Permutations of 'XYZ' ?

- What are the advantages of Selenium WebDriver?

- What is the difference between `findElement` and `findElements` in Selenium?

- How do you locate elements on a webpage using Selenium WebDriver?

- What are the types of locators supported by Selenium WebDriver?

- How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?

- What is the importance of implicit and explicit waits in Selenium WebDriver?

- How do you manage multiple windows and frames in Selenium?

- Explain TestNG and its role in Selenium test automation.

- How do you perform mouse and keyboard actions in Selenium WebDriver?

- What are the advantages and limitations of Selenium for test automation?

- How do you handle SSL certificates and security issues in Selenium?

- Can Selenium automate mobile application testing? If yes, how?

- How do you manage test data and configurations in Selenium tests?

- What is the Page Object Model (POM), and why is it used in Selenium automation?

- How do you handle exceptions and errors in Selenium WebDriver scripts?

- How do you take screenshots in Selenium?

- What is DataProvider in TestNG?

- How do you validate whether links on a webpage are valid?

- How do you manage drag-and-drop actions in Selenium?

- What is the purpose of the testng.xml file?

- Tell me about yourself.

- What are the various selenium components, and which components are you using?

- How do you inspect elements?

- What are the various locators you are using in your day-to-day life?

- Write syntax for XPath?

- Write a syntax to initialize the webdriver.

- Explain absolute and relative XPath with an example

- Explain your project and framework

- How do you get the data from the Excel sheet?

- Where do you use java in selenium webdriver?

- What is oops?

- Explain the abstraction concept with an example.

- Explain the inheritance concept with an example.

- Explain method overloading and Method overriding with an example.

- What is an interface? Explain with an example.

- Write a basic selenium script.

- Explain the defect life cycle.

- Write a syntax to select a value from the drop-down.

- Write syntax to get the text from the table.

- What are Hashmap and HashSet? Explain?

- Where do you use Hashmap?

- What is the exception you get in selenium?

- What is implicitly wait, explicitly wait, webdriver wait, Thread.sleep

- Write syntax for the webdriver wait.

- The difference between implicitly, explicitly, webdriver wait and thread.sleep.

- Which framework are you using in your project?

- Are you using any integration tools?

- What is Jenkins?

- Where do you upload test results?

- What are retesting and regression testing?

- What is smoke testing?

- How do you get to know if the developer has fixed the issues or not?

- What are the roles and responsibilities?

- Which java & selenium versions are you using?

- How do you handle if XPath is changing dynamically?

- Have you ever written test cases in your projects?

- Introduce yourself

- Write a test case for the scenario where the search button on Amazon was not working, and you raised an issue.

- Write complete steps for navigating to Google in Selenium

- What is WebDriver? Interface or class

- Can’t we write ChromeDriver() instead of WebDriver, and why?

- Do you know the difference between class and interfaces?

- Why can’t we write class logic in the interface instead of writing in class implementing it?

- Later, they asked me to proceed further and log in to Google and verify whether you were able to log in successfully. They asked me to

- write this as per my project’s framework, such as how you are calling drivers and browsers and how you are extending from parent classes and POM structure as well.

- Java program to find 2nd max element from an array and later asked to debug.

- Did you develop the framework for your project?

- Later asked for POJO classes and how I am sending requests and extracting responses in API automation. Write the logic

- Do u know Jenkins can you build a pipeline?

- Can we use the script to create the Jenkins pipeline?

- Do you know Linux? Write a Linux command to create a file.

- Fetch 2nd and then 3rd largest salary of emp with name.

- Fetch duplicate emp ID records from the employee table.

- WJP for Given Strings are anagram or not

- str1='tomato', str2 = 'matoto'

- WJP to Remove duplicates from given string

- str1 ='automation', o/p: 'automin'

- What is the strategy to start failure analysis from Day1 itself in current release.

- How can you calculate ROI for automation

- How can you assign the work when you have Senior and Junior(1-2 yrs) team members.

- as a Lead QA, what is your checklist for code review.

- How to perform cross browser testing

- How can you execute failed test cases without manual intervention. Here, we can use Retry Mechanism

- Followed question: How to execute all failed test cases at once after initial execution.

- Difference between Remote Driver and WebDriver

- Architecture for Selenium3 and Selenium4

- Topmost interface in Selenium

- Explain the purpose of React Router DOM.

- How would you set up routing for a simple app with 'Home', 'About', and 'Contact' pages?

- How can you handle a 404 page or fallback route in React Router?

- What is the difference between BrowserRouter and HashRouter?

- How would you implement nested routes in a React app?

- How can you pass data or parameters through routes in React Router?

- What is the useNavigate hook, and when would you use it over <Link>?

- Explain the difference between Route and Routes in React Router DOM v6.

- How would you implement protected or private routes?

- Describe how to handle programmatic redirects in React Router DOM.

-What is Node.js?

-What is the difference between Node.js and JavaScript?

-Is Node.js single-threaded?

-What kind of API function is supported by Node.js?

-What is a module in Node.js?

-What is npm and its advantages?

-What is middleware?

-How does Node.js handle concurrency despite being single-threaded?

-What is control flow in Node.js?

- What do you mean by the event loop in Node.js?

- What are the main disadvantages of Node.js?

- What is REPL in Node.js?

- How to import a module in Node.js?

- What is the difference between Node.js and AJAX?

- What is package.json in Node.js?

- What is the most popular Node.js framework used these days?

- What are promises in Node.js?

- What is event-driven programming in Node.js?

- What is buffer in Node.js?

- What are streams in Node.js?

- Explain crypto module in Node.js.

- What is callback hell?

- Explain the use of the timers module in Node.js.

- What is the difference between setImmediate() and process.nextTick() methods?

- What is the difference between setTimeout() and setImmediate() methods?

- What is the difference between spawn() and fork() methods?

- Explain the use of the passport module in Node.js.

- What is fork in Node.js?

- What are the three methods to avoid callback hell?

- What is body-parser in Node.js?

- What is CORS in Node.js?

- Explain the tls module in Node.js.

- What is a cluster in Node.js?

- How to manage sessions in Node.js?

- Explain the types of streams in Node.js.

- How can we implement authentication and authorization in Node.js?

- Explain the packages used for file uploading in Node.js.

- How to handle database connections in Node.js?

- How to read command line arguments in Node.js?

- What are child processes in Node.js?

- Small introduction about yourself

- What are the waits we are using in our scripts?

- How to get the value using Selenium and pass the value?

- How to get the specific value details from the table in the web application?

- Difference between findElement and findElements

- How to click the button using Selenium (explanation)?

- What are the functions you have written in our scripts?

- How will you start the scripting from scratch and which language you will use?

- How will you validate window handling when you are navigating to other pages?

- How will you get the specific data from the database using Selenium?

- How are the types of variables we are using?

- How will you get the 6-digit account number from the paragraph?

- How will you change the string to integer?

- What is API automation testing?

- How does it differ from UI automation testing?

- What are the advantages of API automation testing?

- How do you select the appropriate tools and frameworks for API automation testing?

- Explain the steps involved in testing an API.

- What are the commonly used HTTP methods in API testing?

- What is the difference between GET and POST methods in API testing?

- How do you handle authentication and authorization in API automation testing?- What is JSON?

- How do you parse and validate JSON responses in API automation testing?

- What is the role of assertions in API automation testing?

- How do you handle dynamic data in API responses during automation?

- What is endpoint testing, and how do you perform it?

- How do you handle error responses and status codes in API automation testing?

- What are some common challenges faced in API automation testing, and how do you overcome them?

- In a CI pipeline with multiple environments (e.g., development, testing, staging, production), how would you manage environment-specific variables and ensure that changes are deployed to each environment in the correct sequence?

- Describe how you would handle sensitive data (like API keys, tokens, etc.) in a CI pipeline without risking exposure. What best practices would you employ to ensure secure management and access control?

- How can parallelization be effectively used in CI pipelines, particularly in a project with a vast array of test suites? Provide an example of how you would set up parallel jobs for quicker feedback without compromising test reliability.

- What key metrics would you monitor to assess the performance of a CI pipeline, and how would you use these metrics to optimise pipeline speed and reliability over time?

- Describe how you would set up a real-time feedback loop for CI pipeline failures, where team members get notified immediately for prompt issue resolution. Which integrations (like Slack, email, or other tools) would you use, and how would you configure them for maximum efficiency?

- How would you handle scaling a CI/CD pipeline in a cloud environment to accommodate increasing build and test demands? Discuss any specific cloud-native tools or features you would utilise.

- In a distributed team setting, where different time zones impact real-time feedback, how would you set up the CI pipeline to accommodate asynchronous contributions and ensure smooth integration?

- How would you implement an automated rollback mechanism in your CI/CD pipeline to revert to the previous stable version if a deployment fails in production? Describe how you could set this up in both Jenkins and GitLab CI/CD.

- Can you describe the methods you use to interact with dropdown in Selenium? Are there specific scenarios where you find certain approaches more effective?

- How does WebDriverWait improve the reliability of Selenium tests, and what are some examples where you’ve used it to address timing issues?

- What steps do you take to handle alerts or pop-ups in Selenium? Could you walk us through any challenges you’ve encountered with alerts?

- In what situations do you use the @BeforeSuite and @AfterSuite annotations in TestNG, and how do they help organize test execution?

- Which classes or methods in Selenium have you used to simulate complex mouse actions? Could you provide examples, like performing a hover or double-click?

- What are some of the key assertions you rely on in TestNG to verify test outcomes, and how do they contribute to validation in your scripts?

- How do you set up TestNG to run tests in parallel, and what configurations do you find most useful for scaling test execution?

- Can you explain how you retrieve data from Excel files within your Selenium tests?

- How do you perform drag-and-drop actions in Selenium? how did you handle them?

- Could you describe your approach to automating file uploads with Selenium?

- How do you address SSL certificate errors when automating tests with Selenium WebDriver?

- How do you use the Assert class in TestNG for validating test cases?

- What is the @Listener annotation in TestNG?

- How do you generate reports in TestNG?

- In TestNG, how do you skip tests based on specific conditions?

Round 1 : Coding

- Print the highest and second highest integer from the array

Round 2 : Technical Interview

- Tell me something about yourself?

- Explain your automation project framework.

- Write a program to find the common elements between 2 Array lists.

- Write a program to fetch the values from the map using keys.

- Exception Handling in Java

- Can we have a catch block without try block, try block without catch block?

- Can we handle exceptions without try and catch.

- What are the major exceptions you get in selenium.

- Pillars of OOP

- Where have you implemented Encapsulation, abstraction in your project.

- What is Polymorphism and it's types. Explain it with respect to your project.

- What are Interfaces. Have you used interface in your project?

- How will you send Up arrow and Down arrow key as input in a textbox.

- There is a drop down list on a web page along with a link to another page. Upon clicking on click, a new tab is opened and there is another drop down. How will you find the common options between these dropdowns. Explain step by step.

- What are frames. How will you handle frames.

- What are annotations in TestNG?

- Explain Depends On attribute.

- How will you pass parameters in TestNG.

- What are groups.

- What do you know about Jenkins.

- Suppose you are working on Regression suite and Smoke suite, how can you create triggers for both suites.

- Again questions about daily roles and responsibilities

-How would you center a div inside a div?

-Tree shaking and bundling in modern JavaScript applications.

-Have you worked with any state management libraries like Zustand?

-Techniques for React performance optimization.

-Write a function to check if a string is a palindrome without using the reverse string logic.

-What is the output of console.log(this)?

-Difference between arrow functions and regular JavaScript functions.

-Write a program to create a promise and an async/await function.

-Several output-based questions on var keyword, hoisting, and async/await.

- What are closures in JavaScript?

- If you receive 5000 records in one API call, how would you efficiently display them in a dropdown?

- How is async/await different from promises?

- What do the caret (^) and tilde (~) signs represent in package.json?

- What are dev dependencies in package.json?

- What is Node.js and the event loop?

- Can you explain hoisting in JavaScript? For example: output of the below code.

a = 10;

console.log(a);

var a;

- How does 'this' behave in Node.js? Is it the same as in a browser console?

- Write code for mul(2)(3)(4) = 24.

- Have you worked with Axios?

-What are interceptors in Axios?

- Why do we need the useRef hook in React?

𝟭-𝟭𝟬: 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁

1. What is JavaScript?

2. Explain the difference between let, const, and var.

3. How does hoisting work in JavaScript?

4. Describe the concept of closures.

5. Explain the event loop in JavaScript.

6. What is the difference between == and ===?

7. How do you check the type of a variable in JavaScript?

8. What is the use of the this keyword in JavaScript?

9. Explain the difference between function declaration and function expression.

10. How does the setTimeout function work?

𝟭𝟭-𝟮𝟬: 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝗽𝗲

11. What is a callback function?

12. Explain the concept of a pure function.

13. Describe the differences between function.call, function.apply, and function.bind.

14. What is the purpose of the arguments object in a function?

15. How do you create a closure in JavaScript?

16. What is the use of the bind method?

17. What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?

18. How does the call stack work in JavaScript?

19. Explain the concept of function currying.

20. How can you avoid callback hell in JavaScript?

𝟮𝟭-𝟯𝟬: 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀

21. What is prototypal inheritance?

22. How do you create an object in JavaScript?

23. What is the purpose of the prototype property in JavaScript?

24. Explain the difference between Object.create and the constructor pattern.

25. How do you add a property to an object in JavaScript?

26. What is the hasOwnProperty method used for?

27. How can you prevent modification of object properties in JavaScript?

28. Describe the use of the new keyword.

29. Explain the concept of Object Destructuring in JavaScript.

30. What is the difference between null and undefined?

𝟯𝟭-𝟰𝟬: 𝗗𝗢𝗠 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀

31. What is the DOM?

32. How do you select elements with Vanilla JavaScript?

33. Explain event delegation in JavaScript.

34. What is the purpose of the addEventListener method?

35. How do you create and remove elements in the DOM?

36. Explain the concept of event propagation.

37. How can you prevent the default behaviour of an event?

38. What is the purpose of the data- attribute in HTML?

39. Describe the difference between innerHTML and textContent.

40. How do you handle asynchronous code in JavaScript?

1. Reverse a linked list.

2. Find the middle element of a linked list.

3. Implement a stack using arrays/linked list.

4. Implement a queue using arrays/linked list.

5. Find the factorial of a number using recursion.

6. Implement binary search in an array.

7. Find the largest/smallest element in an array.

8. Implement merge sort.

9. Implement quick sort.

10. Detect a cycle in a linked list.

11. Find the intersection point of two linked lists.

12. Check if a binary tree is a binary search tree (BST).

13. Print all leaf nodes of a binary tree.

14. Reverse a binary tree.

15. Find the height of a binary tree.

16. Implement depth-first search (DFS) on a graph.

17. Implement breadth-first search (BFS) on a graph.

18. Check if a graph is connected.

19. Implement Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest path.

20. Implement Prim's algorithm for minimum spanning tree.

21. Implement Kruskal's algorithm for minimum spanning tree.

22. Find the longest common subsequence of two strings.

23. Find the longest increasing subsequence of an array.

24. Implement the Knuth–Morris–Pratt (KMP) algorithm for string matching.

25. Implement the Rabin-Karp algorithm for string matching.

26. Check if a string is a palindrome.

27. Check if two strings are anagrams of each other.

28. Find the next greater element in an array.

29. Find the kth smallest/largest element in an array.

30. Find the median of two sorted arrays.

31. Implement a trie (prefix tree).

32. Find all subsets of a set.

33. Find all permutations of a string.

34. Implement the Josephus Problem.

35. Implement an LRU (Least Recently Used) Cache.

36. Find the longest palindrome substring in a string.

37. Implement a priority queue.

38. Implement a hashmap (dictionary).

39. Count the number of inversions in an array.

40. Find the shortest path in a maze.

1. 𝑩𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝒂 𝑻𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝑨𝒑𝒑: Create a simple CRUD application for managing a list of tasks.

2. 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕: Design a reusable modal component with open/close functionality.

3. 𝑪𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒂 𝑫𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒏𝒖: Build a dropdown menu that supports keyboard navigation.

4. 𝑩𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝒂 𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓: Implement a basic calculator with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

5. 𝑰𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒍/𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓: Create an image carousel that allows navigation through images with previous/next buttons.

6. 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑺𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍: Implement infinite scrolling on a list of items fetched from an API.

7. 𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 𝑨𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆: Create an input field that suggests options based on user input.

8. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑵𝒂𝒗𝒊𝑔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒂𝒓: Build a responsive navigation bar that collapses into a hamburger menu on smaller screens.

9. 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: Create a form with various input types and implement validation rules.

10. 𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: Design a table that displays data with options for sorting and pagination.

11. 𝑻𝒐𝒈𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑺𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕: Implement a toggle switch that changes state when clicked.

12. 𝑭𝒆𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝑨𝑷𝑰 𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚: Create a component that fetches data from an API and displays it.

13. 𝑫𝒂𝒓𝒌/𝑳𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝑻𝒐𝒈𝒈𝒍𝒆: Build a simple UI that allows users to switch between dark and light themes.

14. 𝑫𝒓𝒂𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝑳𝒊𝒔𝒕: Implement a drag-and-drop interface for reordering items in a list.

15. 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍-𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆: Design a basic chat interface that simulates real-time messaging.

16. 𝑰𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑼𝒑𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒘: Create a component that allows users to upload an image and shows a preview.

17. 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒓: Implement a countdown timer that counts down to a specified date.

18. 𝑺𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒚 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒓: Create a header that remains fixed at the top of the viewport when scrolling.

19. 𝑪𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: Build a custom pagination component for navigating through a set of data.

20. 𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝑬𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓: Develop a basic text editor that converts Markdown syntax to HTML.

1. How would you approach a critical bug fix when using GitFlow? Explain your process for managing the hotfix and ensuring it doesn’t disrupt ongoing development.

2. Describe a scenario where you would use a feature branch vs. a hotfix branch. Why is the distinction important?

3. how would you manage larger feature work that takes multiple days or weeks in a Trunk-Based Development approach?

4. Can you walk me through your strategy for merging long-lived branches like develop and master? How do you prevent conflicts and maintain stability?

5. When several developers work on related features, how do you minimise merge conflicts? Do you have any best practices?

6. How do you coordinate with team members on shared branches, especially in a DevOps setup where rapid deployments are key?

7. Explain how you’d handle a scenario where multiple feature branches must be integrated but have overlapping changes.

8. How do you use Git with CI/CD pipelines? Explain how you ensure commits on feature branches are production-ready.

9. In your experience, how has Git helped streamline DevOps processes? Give an example of how Git’s features support CI/CD workflows.

10. Describe a complex conflict you encountered in a past project and the steps you took to resolve it. What did you learn from that experience?

1. What is CI/CD, and why is it important in software development?

2. What is Continuous Integration (CI), and how does it benefit QA?

3. What is Continuous Deployment (CD), and how is it different from Continuous Delivery?

4. Explain the main stages of a CI/CD pipeline.

5. What role does QA play in a CI/CD pipeline?

6. How would you integrate automated testing into a CI/CD pipeline?

7. What is Jenkins, and how is it used in CI/CD pipelines?

8. Explain the concept of “build triggers” in CI/CD.

9. What types of tests are typically included in CI/CD pipelines?

10. How does QA ensure build stability in a CI/CD pipeline?

11. What is the difference between a “build” and a “release” in CI/CD?

12. How do you handle flaky tests in a CI/CD environment?

13. How would you measure the success of a CI/CD pipeline from a QA perspective?

14. Explain the use of version control in CI/CD pipelines.

15. How do you handle environment configurations in CI/CD?

16. What tools have you used for CI/CD pipelines besides Jenkins?

17. Explain the importance of code quality checks in CI/CD.

18. What is the significance of Docker in a CI/CD pipeline?

19. How would you troubleshoot a failed build in a CI/CD pipeline?

20. Explain the concept of “blue-green deployment” and its role in CI/CD.

21. What are “rollback strategies,” and why are they important in CI/CD?

22. How do you manage secrets and credentials in CI/CD pipelines?

23. What is Canary deployment, and when would you use it in CI/CD?

24. How does QA ensure data integrity in a CI/CD pipeline?

25. Explain the use of test artifacts in CI/CD pipelines.

26. What is an “artifact repository,” and how is it used in CI/CD?

27. How do you ensure test data consistency in CI/CD pipelines?

28. Explain the role of automated regression testing in CI/CD.

29. What is “pipeline as code,” and why is it important in CI/CD?

30. How does CI/CD improve collaboration between QA and Development teams?

31. Explain the role of performance testing in a CI/CD pipeline.

32. How do you handle test dependencies in a CI/CD environment?

33. What is a “smoke test,” and why is it important in CI/CD?

34. How does a CI/CD pipeline help in reducing time-to-market?

35. Explain the difference between “static” and “dynamic” code analysis in CI/CD.

36. What is a “release pipeline,” and how does it differ from a build pipeline?

37. How would you handle security testing in a CI/CD pipeline?

38. What are some common CI/CD tools used for automated testing?

39. How do you perform cross-browser testing in a CI/CD pipeline?

40. What is the purpose of “staging environments” in CI/CD?

1. Tell me about yourself.

2. What are your roles and responsibilities as a QA?

3. What is Agile and Scrum?

4. What is SDLC & STLC?

5. What is functional and non-functional testing?

6. Difference between QA & QC

7. What is Smoke testing? Why do we need to perform the smoke testing?

8. What is Database Testing?

9. What are test design techniques? Explain ECP and BVA?

10. Type of Joins and write a query for join.

11. What is a primary key and unique key?

12. Explain Retesting and Regression testing?

13. What is the production issue?

14. What is defect leakage and how to minimize defect leakage?

15. What is Defect life cycle?Explain

16. Why does defect occur in a production environment?

17. What is Root cause analysis?

18. Have you ever been involved in documentation?

19. What challenges did you face during testing?

20. How will you ensure the test cases are correct or not?

21. How will you ensure the logged defect is correct?

22. What is Impact Analysis? When to perform impact analysis?

23.What is your day to day activities as a QA?

24. Why do we need to perform Retesting and Regression testing?

25.If requirement documents are not available what will be your approach to test the application?

26.If you find a defect in the application, but the developer is not accepting that defect what will be your approach?

1. Tell me about yourself and your experience in QA Automation.

2. Can you explain your recent project and your contributions to it?

3. What’s the difference between regression testing and retesting?

4. How do smoke testing and sanity testing differ?

5. What is a web service, and why is it important in today’s applications?

6. Have you tested REST web services before, and how was your experience?

7. Why do we use SOAP UI for testing?

8. What do we mean by bug leakage, and how do we handle it?

9. What assertions are commonly used in SOAP UI?

10. How do SOAP and REST differ in web service design?

11. What is WSDL, and what role does it play?

12. How is XML different from HTML?

13. Can you explain what a schema is in web technologies?

14. What does an endpoint refer to in the context of web services?

15. How would you write test cases for a simple app like Notepad?

16. What SQL query would you use to get the second highest salary from a table?

17. Can you give a brief explanation of Agile methodology?

18. What is REST, and why is it widely used?

19. How do XPath and the 'contains' method differ when locating elements?

1. 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- What is Cucumber?

- Cucumber and BDD (Behavior-Driven Development)

- Advantages of using Cucumber

2. 𝗚𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗸𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲

- Understanding Gherkin syntax

- Keywords: Feature, Scenario, Given, When, Then, And, But, Background

- Writing feature files using Gherkin

- Scenario Outline and Examples

3. 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀

- Creating step definition files

- Binding Gherkin steps to Java methods

- Sharing data between steps

- Parameterization in step definitions

4. 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮-𝗗𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Scenario Outline with Examples keyword

- Passing data from feature files

- Handling multiple sets of test data

5. 𝗛𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Understanding hooks: Before and After

- Global hooks vs Scoped hooks

- Using hooks for test setup and teardown

- Tagged hooks

6. 𝗧𝗮𝗴𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Tagging feature files and scenarios

- Executing tests using tags

- Tag inheritance and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT)

7. 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀

- Configuring Cucumber Options

- Specifying paths to feature files and step definitions

- Generating test reports

8. 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝗺

- Integrating Cucumber with Selenium WebDriver

- Writing step definitions for Selenium actions

- Executing browser-based automation tests using Cucumber

9. 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗝𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘁/𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗡𝗚

- Running Cucumber tests using JUnit or TestNG

- Test execution and reporting with JUnit/TestNG

10. 𝗥𝗲𝘂𝘀𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀

- Creating reusable steps

- Organizing step definitions for better maintainability

11. 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 (𝗣𝗢𝗠) 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Implementing Page Object Model in Cucumber

- Organizing code for better test structure

12. 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘀

- Generating different types of reports

(JSON, HTML, etc.)

- Customizing reports with plugins

- Analyzing test results using reports

13. 𝗘𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘂𝗴𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Handling exceptions in step definitions

- Debugging Cucumber tests

14. 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗹 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗰𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿

- Running tests in parallel

- Configuring parallel execution with JUnit/TestNG

15. 𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀

- Writing clean and maintainable step definitions

- Managing large test suites

- Organizing feature files

1. Explain Java exception handling and its importance.

2. What is the difference between final, finally, and finalize keywords in Java?

3. Compare and contrast ArrayList and LinkedList in Java.

4. What are the key differences between HashSet and Map in Java?

5. Provide an example of using a Map in Java.

6. Write a Java program to reverse a string.

7. Explain the architecture of Appium and how it functions.

8. What are Desired Capabilities in Appium, and how are they used?

9. What is an Appium package and activity, and how are they configured?

10. Why is Appium preferred for mobile automation testing?

11. How do you handle timeouts in Appium tests?

12. What challenges have you encountered while using Appium, and how did you overcome them?

13. What are the different types of locators used in Appium?

14. What are the best practices to follow when using Appium for automation?

15. What is the difference between findElement and findElements in Appium/Selenium?

16. Explain the concept of Appium Grid and its use cases.

17. What is the purpose of BeforeSuite and AfterSuite annotations in TestNG?

18. Explain the structure and purpose of a TestNG XML file.

19. How does dependsOnMethods work in TestNG, and when would you use it?

20. What are the different types of waits available in Selenium, and when should each be used?

21. Explain the role of Jenkins in CI/CD pipelines.

22. How are reports generated in TestNG, and what types of reports can be produced?

23. What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding in Java?

24. Explain the concept of polymorphism in Java and provide examples.

Q1. Unit testing vs functional testing

Q2. For amazon Pay Payment page, how you will do unit testing and functional testing of it.

Q3. Program to find the largest substring of string1 that is also the substring of string2.

Example: string1 = "manojabc", string2= “xyzmanojabcmanoj”

Output : manojabc

—--- Write unit testing of this

Q4. Write bubble Sort program.

Q5. How you will raise a bug if the developer is not ready to accept it.

Q6. How to prioritize test cases if the release date is very close.

Q7. Implement decorator

Q8. Difference between decorator and generators

-Explain testing methodologies used in your project.

-Explain Agile ceremonies.

-Explain the defect life cycle.

-Deferred defect.

-What will you do when a defect is rejected?

-Priority and severity of a bug.

-Difference between critical and high priority.

-Can we defer high-critical defects?

-Defect leakage.

-How much do you rate yourself in Java out of 5?

-Data types in Java.

-Non primitive data types.

-Difference between primitive and non-primitive data types.

-Wrapper class in Java.

-Difference between local and instance variables.

-What is the difference between an array list and a linked list?

-What is the difference between a hash map and a hash set?

-What is the difference between findelement() and findelements()? What are the return types of both?

-Explain navigation methods in selenium. Write the syntax of forward.

-How do you handle drop-downs? Write syntax.

-Write a program to reverse a string.

-Write a program to swap 2 numbers without using the 3rd variable.

-Difference between method overloading and method overriding.

-Explain static keyword.

-When do you use window handles? Return type of getWindowHandle and getWindowHandles?

**𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬:

𝟏. 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: How do you test a new feature in backend automation?

𝟐. 𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬: Explain client-server architecture in REST Assured and the concept of method chaining.

𝟑. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐧: Why use REST Assured for backend automation instead of Postman?

𝟒. 𝐎𝐎𝐏 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬: Which OOP concepts do you apply, and how?

𝟓. 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬: Differences between HashMap and HashTable.

𝟔. 𝐉𝐚𝐯𝐚 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐬: Function overloading vs. overriding, static class concepts, and static initialisers.

𝟕. 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: What are serialization and deserialization?

𝟖. 𝐌𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐒𝐀: How are variables stored in memory?

𝟗. 𝐃𝐒𝐀 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬: What are the primary data structures, and how does a stack work? (With pseudocode!)

𝟏𝟎. 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬: What challenges do you face during test automation?

𝟏𝟏. 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: What is the singleton pattern, and how is it used in test automation?

𝟏𝟐. 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: Explain the structure of your test automation framework.

𝟏𝟑. 𝐀𝐥𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐦 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Find a pair of numbers in a set that adds up to a given target (e.g., [1, 2, 3, 9] with a target of 10).

𝟏𝟒. 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬: Explain iframes and the use of robot classes.

𝟏𝟓. 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬: Discuss dynamic locator strategies and axes XPath syntax.

𝟏𝟔. 𝐂𝐈/𝐂𝐃 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: How have you effectively used CI/CD pipelines, and what was the outcome?

𝟏𝟕. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲 & 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: How do you prepare a test strategy and estimate for new product features?

𝟏𝟖. 𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: Explain microservice architecture, payloads, and their traces.

**𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰:

𝟏. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 & 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Talk about past projects, skills, and tech stack.

𝟐. 𝐐𝐀 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬: Discuss QA best practices and methodologies.

𝟑. 𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨-𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠: Situational questions related to test planning and execution.

𝟒. 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬: Address questions reflecting leadership and decision-making skills.

1st round:

o  Diff between page object and page factory?

o  What is data driven testing?

o  Diff between abstract class and interface?

o  Singleton dsgn pattern?

o  Explain framework?

o  How u estimate ur work?

o  static and dynamic binding

o  Stale element exception?

o  Desired capability?

o  Diff between hashmap and hashset

o  How u integrate rest assured with project?

o  Approach and types of testing performed by u on API testing?

2nd Round:

o  Basic intro

o  Background in cucumber

o  What all is included in runner class in cucumber

o  How u implemented listeners in ur framework

o  Explain interface in ur framework perspective not definition

o  How many listener interfaces u r using

o  How u use loggers in ur project for debugging

o  Is there any log listeners in ur framework? If not can u use it?

o  What is constructor?

o  Can we have more than one constructor in a class?

o  In default constructor can u initialize variables even without passing parameters?

o  What exceptions can occur in selenium and that u have seen in project.

o  What is stale element exception. Then what is timeout exception?

o  How u setup environment in postman

o  How u store a response of one request and use same response in another request in postman

o  Diff between 200 and 201.

o  If u create any resource u get 201. But sometime we get 200 as well as for successful response. How will u verify this 200 is coming instead of 201, if it’s a bug?

o  How u r storing url of ur application in framework

o  Suppose u have 50 apis in config out of which 48 are common to dev and test env but 2 are diff in both. How u handle this in framework.

3rd round: Managerial

o  Tell me about yourself

o  How many frameworks have you worked on till now?

o  Tell me something about TestNG that you liked?

o  Do you use maven project and if yes why?

o  Tell me about cucumber and why you are not using cucumber in your project. Explain properly with valid points

o  Tell cucumber features

o  Given an api to fetch user details by sending empId in request what can be the possible test cases. Can you write some cases?

o  Suppose your org has some QAs and they have all manual test cases available with them. Now you want to hire someone to automate your testcases. From your end what automation tool will you suggest and why? How will you estimate time for all these scenarios to automate? What can be the risks involved in above scenarios? Can you name some of them?

o  How many project time estimates do you know?

o  In recent time any accomplishment did you receive from employee that does not belongs to your team? How you helped them?

o  Are you willing to relocate?

o  Do you have any questions to me?

o  At the end one program was given to identify if a given number is prime or not. The task was to reduce the time complexity of given code.

1. How to handle cookies in selenium?

2. Can we create static class? What is static keyword?

3. what is clean code?

4. Path and query parameter what are these and which is optional?

5. Java 8 streams?

6. Background keyword, Scenario Outline, Scenario, Data Table?

7. Where do you run your test cases?

8. Which version of selenium you have used

9. Window A,B,C,D, How to switch to C and close it?

10. How to handle dropdown?(By select class and alternate is by using findElements?

11. Write a code using HashMap

Brian – 21

Lee – 22

Cathe – 45

Using key and value and find the javerage?

12. Multiple catch block

Try{}

Catch(exception e){

Syso(A);

Catch(Arithmetic exception)

Syso(B);

13. The logic of parent and child exception

14. When to use abstract class and when to use interface

15. Why can’t we create the framework with all static methods?

16. Int arr 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9, Skip 3 and all elements after 3 and then skip 7 and then give some

17. Implement hashmap in the interface and use it in the main

18. Remove redundancy for a string.

Brief about yourself and your experience.

Challenges faced in Automation.

Explain webdriver architecture.

What are the protocols used between the client and server?

What is the application server?

How do you test the server connection?

Why is CSS used?

Explain different types of HTML tags and explain each one of them.

Some questions on HTML coding.

What is the difference between SEVERITY and PRIORITY?

Give some examples of low severity and high priority of your project.

How many locators are there? What are they?

Why is the framework needed?

How can you refresh your Browser?

Which design pattern was used in your Framework

explains how to create a file in build.xml

Describe your framework.

Difference between Selenium RC and selenium web driver

Explain the architecture of your project

Draw your framework

Write code for fetching the data from the excel sheet

Write a code for the palindrome number.

Explain about Jenkins

Explain your control version tool

How to handle dropdown

How to handle window ID

How to handle with google search text box

How to handle alerts and window pop-ups?

How will you get the frame ID?

How to handle dynamic web tables?

Why are we using the following siblings in XPath?

Create a page factory for the login page

How will you group and add classes from different packages?

Write a program to reverse a LinkedList.

Round 1:

1. Tell me about yourself

2. More about e-commerce domain

3. Scenarios to test music player application

4. Non-functional test cases for Pencil

5. Http and Https protocols?

6. What is the 500,400 status codes?

7. What is Cache and Cookies in web application?

8. How to review and back track if the 100th build gets failed?

9. Test scenarios for PDP page

10. Explain your framework

11. What will be the test data for testing music player application?

12. What tech stack used in your organisation?

13. What do you do in performance testing? Which tool you have used and how the load is decided for testing?

14. What is SDLC?

15. WAP to find the third largest number in the given array?

Round 2:

TestNG question:

@Test

test1(){ String text="sdds"; }

@Test(dependsOnMethod="test1",priority=1)

test2(){

//Second test method }

1. What's the execution order? Will there be any runtime or compile errors thrown?

2. How to get dynamic data from test1 method and pass it to test2 method as test data?

Java: Int amount = 596 Denominations:

output:

1 note of 500

1 note of 50

2 note of 20

1 note of 5

1 note of 1

Technical 1

1. Common question( Intro+ project + framework architecture)

2. Data selection in Calendar, Excel iteration then send values to text box.

3. What are Idempotent methods? How is it relevant in RESTful web

services domain?

4. Based on what factors, you can decide which type of web services you

need to use — SOAP or REST?

5. What is Payload in terms of RESTful web services?

6. importance of API documentation in API automation testing?

7. Have you integrated automation testing into CI/CD pipelines before?

8. Explain PSVM, SYSOUT?

9. Jenkins and GIT

10. Basic selenium question and SQL?

Technical 2

1. Common question(Intro)

2. Java(Collection Questions only)

3. Java Programming (Sort array in reverse order)

4. How do you handle maintenance and updates of automated test scripts?

5. Does finally {} block always run?

6. Automate one page (Login-Add to cart Assert-logout-Reporting).

Managerial Round

1. In manual testing, it takes 10 minutes, whereas in automation, it takes

10 minutes to check functionality, so what would be your preference? and

Why?

2. how comfortable are you with programming languages other than Java

Selenium?

3. How do we identify what can be automated?

4. Can you discuss a challenging automation project you’ve worked on and

how you overcame obstacles?

5. How do you stay updated with the latest trends and best practices in

automation testing?

6. Normal discussion about previous work? What do you like the most?

-What happens when you combine "B" + "A" in JavaScript?

-How does "2" - 2 evaluate in JavaScript?

-What do you get with "2" + 22?

-How does the Event Loop work in JavaScript?

-What are Higher-Order Functions, and why are they useful?

-What is a Prototype in JavaScript?

-How does the this keyword work in JavaScript?

-What are the advantages and disadvantages of React.js?

-Can browsers read JSX directly?

- What is Redux Middleware, and how is it used?

- Can React re-render without calling setState?

- What are Keys in React, and why are they important?

- What are Props in React?

- What are React Lifecycle Methods?

- What is a Functional Component in React?

Round - 1: Technical Interview

- Self Introduction

- Project Explanation

- Fibonacci Series code in 3 variations

- Difference between Git and Github

- Which one is best among Python & Java

- Features of SQL

- Difference Between HTML and CSS

- Difference Between class and Functional Components

- What happens in promises in JavaScript

- Query to print top 10 Sal of Employee Table

- Delete vs Truncate which is better

Round - 2: Project Manager

- Self Introduction

- In Depth Project Explanation and Follow-up questions on the same.

- Why do you want to join IT as you are from ECE

- What Did you learn in your college

- How did you upgrade your self to latest technologies

- What do you know about chat GPT

- Did you ever use any Cloud Platform

- How did you fetch Data from API in E-Commerce Application

Round - 3: Leadership

- What kind of challenges did you face in this recession

- How will you add value to this company

- How will you manage your time in case of over work

- What are your strengths and weakness

- What are some important qualities that make you suitable for this role?

- What are your hobbies

- What kind of Tools and Technologies you are familiar with.

Round - 4: HR

- Self Introduction

- Hobbies

- What are your long term and short term goals

- Shifts

- Company Policies and Benefits.

Round 1: Get To Know

-Can you tell me about your past experiences and projects?

-What challenges did you face, and how did you tackle them?

-Why did you apply to Delivery Hero?

-How do you keep up with learning? Have you attended any conferences or engaged in other learning activities?

Round 2: Hiring Manager

-What does an ideal team look like to you?

-What kind of team would you prefer not to work with?

-How do you handle situations where you disagree with feedback from others?

-Can you describe a challenge you faced and how you resolved it?

-What is a mistake you made, and how did you overcome or resolve it?

-How do you compare the time investment and value of a task?

-Can you describe a project you successfully accomplished? What did you do to achieve that success?

-What metrics do you use to determine whether a spark job is going well or not?

-How would you handle a schema change when new files arrive?

Round 3: Technical - Coding and System Design

Write a python code that determines if all the people in their seats can see the screen in the theatre. A person can see the screen if their number is greater than the number before/in front of it.

Example where everyone can see:

FRONT STAGE

[[1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1],

[2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2],

[5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4],

[6, 6, 7, 6, 5, 5]]

Example where they cannot see:

FRONT STAGE

[[1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1],

[2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2],

[5, 5, 5, 9, 4, 4],

[6, 6, 7, 6, 5, 5]]

-Write a SQL query to find the second highest salary in each department. If a department has less than two employees, return NULL for that department.

-System Design - How would you design a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient data pipeline for an e-commerce website that ingests, processes, and stores the data?

-Apache Spark related questions – Fundamentals, Data skewness, narrow vs wide transformations, optimised joins.

-Airflow related questions – Fundamentals, operators, XCom

-Kafka related questions – Fundamentals, consumer groups, offset management

Round 4: Technical - Bar Raiser

-Can you tell me about your past experiences and projects?

-How would you implement a program to determine the frequency of each letter in a given string, such as "asrfrfgg," producing an output like "a1s1r2f2g2," while considering the time and space complexity of your solution?

Round 0: Resume ShortListing

-(Having JAVA ️ related projects or Java Experience can help)

Round 1:Online Assessment

-90 Minutes

-4 Coding Problems

-Leetcode Medium-Hard

Round 1: Technical Interview

-Questions on CS Fundamentals

-Focused on OOP/DBMS

-Project Questions

Round 2: DSA Interview

-Graph Problem

-Live Coding + Optimisation

-Discussion of Complexities

Round 3: HR + Tech Interview

-Basic HR Questions

-Resume Based Questions

-Project Discussion

-Situational Questions

Round 1: Technical Interview

-Discussion: We kicked off with a conversation about my work during the Amazon internship.

-Coding: I was asked to solve problems on topics like Graphs, Sliding Window, and Prefix Sum.

-Analysis: Focused on time complexity, optimization strategies, and writing clean code.

Round 2: Technical Interview

-Design: I was asked to design a simple calendar app.

-Algorithms: Solved a 2D matrix problem which revolved around staircase sorting.

-Concepts: We discussed time and space complexity in different cases in detail.

-Systems Knowledge: I was also asked about OS concepts like page replacement algorithms and few DBMS topics like indexing.

Round 3: Design Interview

-This round was more design-focused rather than DSA-heavy.

-Problem Solving: We discussed algorithms related to external sorting and efficient handling of large datasets that don’t fit into memory.

-App Design: I was given a high-level design task to briefly outline a feature of a music player app (e.g., Spotify-like app).

Round 1: A technical quiz covering a wide range of topics like OS, virtualization, networking, Linux, and cloud. This was the initial test of foundational knowledge in multiple SRE domains.

Round 2: First Technical Interview

-The interview kicked off with an interesting question: “Your profile seems more suited for SDE; why SRE?”

-Why Linux?

-What are the advantages of Docker?

-Why is Docker lightweight?

-Can you explain the layers in the OSI model?

-Can we ping from one specific IP to another (IP given)?

-Difference between TCP and UDP, with cross-questioning on my answers

-How does an OS boot?

-Different scheduling algorithms

-What is SSH?

-What is a semaphore?

-Can you explain the Linux file structure?

Round 3:

-This round began with a question about my strongest skill among networking, Linux, or OS.

-The main task was to design a network architecture with four devices—two in a college and two in another location—connecting them with routers and switches.

-As I began designing, I faced continuous questions about my approach. This round was challenging, and I struggled with the design. I wasn’t sure about the solution and felt this might be my last round.

1. What is the difference between verification and validation in manual testing?

2. How do you determine which test cases to automate and which to keep manual?

3. Can you describe a situation where you found a critical bug during manual testing? How did you handle it?

4. What are the key differences between functional and non-functional testing? Can you provide examples of each?

5. How do you approach exploratory testing? Can you give an example of when it helped find a defect?

6. Have you ever faced a situation where requirements were unclear or incomplete for a testing project? How did you manage testing in that case?

7. Describe a time when you had to test a product with limited resources. How did you prioritize and manage your testing effectively?

8. How do you ensure that your manual test cases cover all possible scenarios and edge cases?

9. How do you manage your testing tasks when you are given multiple projects with tight deadlines?

10. Can you describe a situation when you disagreed with a developer about the severity of a bug? How did you handle it?

11. What strategies do you use to test an application with frequent updates or releases?

12. How do you perform regression testing manually, and how do you ensure that no critical functionality is missed?

13. Tell me about a time when you had to manually test a feature that was poorly documented. How did you ensure thorough testing?

14. How do you handle testing when the project scope changes frequently, especially during the later stages of the testing cycle?

15. Can you explain the process you follow when creating test cases for a new feature, and how do you handle updates to the test cases during the development phase?

1 You have a huge text file, how would you replicate a given row "n" number of times, write a code for this?

2 Which storage level in persist is optimized for storage ?

3 Steps you would take to tune a slow running spark application ?

4 How do you implement SCD type 2 in Pyspark?

5 Limitation of for-each activity in ADF ?

6 How is deployment done in your project ? Explain about development/testing etc. ?

7 SQL : Question about year-on-year growth in salary

8 Python : Reversal of string, removing delimiter and capitalizing

9 SQL : Anti and semi Join and their use-cases

10 SQL : Total sales for each product in last 12 months

1 Java program to remove duplicates characters from given String.

2 Program Remove the second highest element from the HashMap.

3 Java program to Generate prime numbers between 1 & given 4

number

4 How to find the missing values from a sorted array.

5 Java program to input name, middle name and surname of a

person and print only the initials.

5 Program to Print all Treemap elements?

6 What is a singleton Design Pattern? How do you implement that in your framework?

7 Write the Top 5 test cases for Booking Coupons.

8 What is serialization and deserialization?

9 What is the Difference between status codes 401 and 402? 1

10 Difference between selenium 3 and selenium 4?

11 What is delegate in Java and where do you use Delegate in your Framework?

12 How many maximum thread-pool can you open in the TestNG?

13 What are the Major challenges that come into the picture when you do parallel testing using TestNG and Grid?

14 How do you integrate your automation framework with the Jenkins pipeline?

15 What will happen if we remove the main method from the java program?

16 What is the component of your current Project?

17 How do you pass parameters in TestNG?

18 Write the logic of retrying the failed test case with a minimum 3 numbers of time in Automation Testing. Which Interface do you use for it?

19 What is the OOPs concept in java?

20 What is encapsulation?

21 What is Polymorphism?

22 Difference Between Classes and Objects?

23 What is collection in Java?

24 What is out in System.out.println?

25 In How many ways can we create an object?

26 Why is Java not 100% Object-oriented?

27 Can we make a constructor as Static?

28 How to convert a JSON object to a java object using Jackson?

29 What is the difference between Abstraction Class and Interfaces?

30 Difference between String, StringBuilder, and Stringbuffer?

31 What are other immutable classes in Java apart from String?

32 Difference between TreeMap and HashMap?

33 How do you set priorities for test automation, which test needs to be automated first?

34 How do you set test case priorities for your team?

35 What are the functional things you need to test on e-commerce sites?

-What is API automation testing? How does it differ from UI automation testing?

-What are the advantages of API automation testing?

-How do you select the appropriate tools and frameworks for API automation testing?

-Explain the steps involved in testing an API.

-What are the commonly used HTTP methods in API testing?

-What is the difference between GET and POST methods in API testing?

-How do you handle authentication and authorization in API automation testing?

-What is JSON? How do you parse and validate JSON responses in API automation testing?

-What is the role of assertions in API automation testing?

-How do you handle dynamic data in API responses during automation?

-What is endpoint testing, and how do you perform it?

-How do you handle error responses and status codes in API automation testing?

-What are some common challenges faced in API automation testing, and how do you overcome them?

If you're preparing for an Angular developer interview or just want to enhance your skills, these thought-provoking questions could help you explore deeper concepts in the Angular ecosystem:

1. Handling Large Data: If you have millions of data entries, how would you efficiently integrate search functionality in your Angular app?

2. Lazy Loading with Dependencies: How do you implement lazy loading when two modules have dependencies on each other?

3. Component Communication: What are the best ways to pass data between different components in Angular, and which one would you choose for scalability?

4. Sharing Data Across Modules: What's the most efficient way to share data across components or modules in Angular?

5. Code Review as a Junior Developer: How should a junior developer approach a code review? What key things should be kept in mind when reviewing someone else's code?

6. Services and Module Sharing: If a service is provided at the root level, will it be used by both modules that inject it? How does this impact your app's design?

7. Handling Identical Service Names: How do you manage two services with the same name in different modules? How do you ensure there's no conflict?

8. Web Workers in Angular: What are Web Workers, and how can they be integrated with the main thread in Angular to improve performance for background tasks?

1. What is path param and what is query param?

2. Explain the linked list and write a program to sort the array.

3. Different selenium exceptions

4. Given sum and value n find the n number of digits to form the sum. eg. sum = 6, n = 2 => [1,5],[2,4],[3,3] and if n = 3 we have to print 3 values which makes the sum i.e [1,2,3]

5. Diagonal SUM

6. JSONPath

7. Explain the framework you developed

8. How API testing works?

9. Find the nth node from the end of a linked list in one pass.

10. Given an array, add the elements to the empty binary search tree.

11. Hash Tables, write a program to find a count of 2 elements in an array to have sum X.

12. What is hashcode, equals method in Java?

13. Prepare basic Java questions, Selenium basics, and API testing

- What is React

- What is useMemo

- What are the features of React

- What is JSX

- What is DOM

- What is Virtual Dom

- What is component life cycle of React class component

- What are fragments in react

- What are props in react

- What are synthetic events in react

- What are the difference between Package.json and Package.lock.json

- What are the differences between client side and server side rendering

- What is state in Reactjs

- What are props

- What are the differences between State and Props in react

- What is props drilling

- What are the disadvantages of props drilling and How we can avoid props drilling

- What are Pure components in React

- Whatare Ref’s in React

- What is meant by forward ref

- What are Error boundaries

- What are Higher order components in react

- What are the differences between controlled and uncontrolled components

- What is useCallback

- What are the differences between useMemo and useCallback

- What are keys in React

- What is Lazy loading in React

- What is suspense in React

- What are custom hooks

- What is useReducer hook

- What are Portals in react

- What is context in react

- Practical question: Give an example of context api usage

- What is the purpose of callback function as an argument of setState()

- Practical question: create a custom hook for increment/decrement counter

- Which lifecycle hooks in class component are replaced with useEffect in functional components

- What is Strict mode in react

- What are the different ways to pass data from child component to parent component in react

- Practical question: How to send data from child to parent using callback functions

- Practical question: How to send the data from child component to parent using useRef

- What is React JS

- What are components in React

- Difference between class and functional components

- What are props in React

- What is state in React

- How does state differ from props

- What is the virtual DOM

- How does the virtual DOM work

- What is a React Hook

- What are the commonly used hooks

- Explain the useState hook.

- Explain the useEffect hook.

- What is the purpose of useReducer

- What are higher-order components (HOCs)

- What is the purpose of useContext

- How does the context API work

- Explain React lifecycle methods.

- What is the purpose of componentDidMount

- What is the purpose of componentDidUpdate

- What is the purpose of componentWillUnmount

- What is React Router

- How do you handle routing in React

- What is lazy loading in React

- What is code splitting

- How do you optimize performance in React

- What are React fragments

- How do you handle events in React

- What is controlled vs uncontrolled components

• What are Python lists and how are they different from tuples?

• How do you create a dictionary in Python and access its values?

• Explain list comprehension and provide an example.

• How can you read a CSV file in Python using pandas?

• What is the difference between loc and iloc in pandas?

• How do you handle missing data in a pandas DataFrame?

• Explain the use of the apply() function in pandas.

• How can you merge/join two DataFrames in pandas?

• Describe how to group data in pandas and perform aggregation.

• What are NumPy arrays and how do they differ from Python lists?

• How do you perform element-wise operations on NumPy arrays?

• What is the use of the Matplotlib library in Python? Provide an example of a simple plot.

• How do you create subplots in Matplotlib?

• Explain the use of the Seaborn library and provide an example of a categorical plot.

• What is a lambda function in Python and how is it used?

• Describe how to filter a DataFrame based on a condition.

• How do you use the datetime module to manipulate dates and times in Python?

• Explain the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy in Python.

• How can you perform data normalization or standardization in Python?

• Describe how to use regular expressions in Python for data cleaning.

𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝟑:

1. Given a string, reverse each word in the string and replace spaces with the % character. The order of the words should be maintained, but the characters within each word should be reversed.

𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭:

"This is a tree"

𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭:

"sihT%si%a%eert"

𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡:

Split the input string by spaces into an array of words.

Reverse each word in the array.

Join the words with % as the delimiter to form the final output string.

2. Questions on Automation framework, architecture, Performance and Security Testing.

𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝟒:

1. Puzzle: You are given two eggs and a 100-story building. Your task is to determine the highest floor from which you can drop an egg without it breaking, using the fewest number of drops in the worst-case scenario.

2. Questions on the Test plan, Cloud specifically on AWS, how the release cycle works, and different release or deployment strategies.

3. Imagine you are assigned to test the search bar functionality of an e-commerce website. The search bar is designed to help users find products quickly by displaying search results and suggestions as they type. Your goal is to create a comprehensive testing strategy to ensure the search bar behaves as expected under different conditions.

𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝟓:

1. You are the QA lead for a comprehensive e-commerce platform that handles multiple functions such as user authentication, product search, checkout process, and post-purchase features like reviews and returns. The platform is gearing up for a major release with significant updates to its search algorithm, a redesigned checkout experience, and new security features.

Your task is to design a complete test strategy and testing cycle plan to ensure a smooth release with minimal issues post-deployment. This involves handling multiple test types, ensuring proper coverage, and maintaining efficiency throughout the release cycle.

2. Questions on AWS Lambdas, Serverless architecture.

𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀:

1. Find the maximum sum subarray.

2. Find all substrings that are palindromes.

3. Implement the "two sum" problem.

4. Implement Kadane's algorithm for maximum subarray sum.

5. Find the missing number in an array of integers.

6. Merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array.

7. Check if a string is a palindrome.

8. Find the first non-repeating character in a string.

9. Write a program to remove duplicates from a sorted array.

𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗲𝗱 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝘀:

10. Reverse a linked list.

11. Detect a cycle in a linked list.

12. Find the middle of a linked list.

13. Merge two sorted linked lists.

14. Implement a stack using linked list.

15. Find the intersection point of two linked lists.

𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘂𝗲𝘀:

16. Implement a stack using an array.

17. Implement a stack that supports push, pop, top, and retrieving the minimum element.

18. Implement a circular queue.

19. Design a max stack that supports push, pop, top, retrieve maximum element.

20. Design a queue using stacks.

𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗦𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘀:

21. Find the height of a binary tree.

22. Find the lowest common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree.

23. Validate if a binary tree is a valid binary search tree.

24. Serialize and deserialize a binary tree.

25. Implement an inorder traversal of a binary tree.

26. Find the diameter of a binary tree.

27. Convert a binary tree to its mirror tree.

𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘀:

28. Implement depth-first search (DFS).

29. Implement breadth-first search (BFS).

30. Find the shortest path between two nodes in an unweighted graph.

31. Detect a cycle in an undirected graph using DFS.

32. Check if a graph is bipartite.

33. Find the number of connected components in an undirected graph.

34. Find bridges in a graph.

𝗦𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴:

35. Implement (bubble, insertion, selection, merge) sort.

36. Implement quicksort.

37. Implement binary search.

38. Implement interpolation search.

39. Find the kth smallest element in an array.

40. Given an array of integers, count the number of inversions it has. An inversion occurs when two elements in the array are out of order.

- Tell me about yourself and explain your roles and responsibilities.

- Explain your project framework.

- Have you used abstraction in your framework? Explain.

- What is polymorphism? Did you use polymorphism in your project?

- Difference between Explicit Wait and Implicit Wait.

- Difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate() methods.

- Write the Selenium code to initialize the browser.

- Write the code for handling a dropdown.

- Write the code for handling multiple window handles and getting each title.

- If a new element/button is added to a webpage, how would you add it to the framework?

- What is the Test Plan document?

1. How did you first learn about this job opportunity?

2. Why are you interested in joining [company name]?

3. Why are you exploring new job opportunities?

4. What motivates you to get up and start your day each morning?

5. What drives you to do your best work?

6. Where do you envision your career in five years? What about ten years?

7. What are your long-term career aspirations?

8. What unique skills or qualities can you bring to this role that others might not?

9. Why do you think you’d be a great fit for this role?

10. Can you walk me through your resume?

11. Tell me about your educational background.

12. How would you describe yourself in a few words?

13. What are your biggest strengths?

14. What do you find most challenging or areas you'd like to improve?

15. If I were to ask your current boss what you could improve on, what would they say?

16. If I asked your previous manager, what are three areas they'd say you could improve on?

17. What are some strengths and weaknesses you've noticed in your previous bosses?

18. How do you think your direct reports would describe you?

19. Do you see yourself as a natural leader, or do you prefer to support others?

20. What are some examples of your leadership experiences? How would you describe your leadership style?

21. What is your ideal job?

22. What are your long-term career aspirations?

23. Can you describe a situation where you had a disagreement with your boss, and how you resolved it?

24. Tell me about a time when you exceeded expectations on a project.

25. What achievement are you most proud of?

1. Explain how Linux mechanisms work, especially when the system starts.

2. What happens when you run a container in Kubernetes? Explain the internal workings.

3. What is the difference between git merge and git rebase?

4. Why and when would you use the git cherry-pick command?

5. Key differences between Jenkins Declarative Pipeline and Scripted Pipeline?

6. What is DNS and how does it work?

7. Explain how routes work in a network environment.

8. How do you implement network policies in Kubernetes?

9. How do Prometheus and Grafana interact? What is the source of data for Prometheus?

10.Which database did you use in your recent project, and why?

11. What is an SQL index, and how does it work?

12. Can you share a situation where you faced a challenge working with a non-technical team, and how you solved it?

13.Would you describe yourself as a communicator or a problem-solver?

14. Tell me about a situation where you took on a leadership role.

15. What values do you consider important when working with a team?

16. What are your hobbies outside of technical work?

17. Why did you choose Docker in your recent project?

𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐭 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬:

1. What are the advantages of using Spring Boot?

2. What are the Spring Boot key components?

3. Why Spring Boot over Spring?

4. What is the starter dependency of the Spring boot module?

5. How does Spring Boot works?

6. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?

7. What is the purpose of using @ComponentScan in the class files?

8. How does a Spring Boot application get started?

9. What are starter dependencies?

10. What is Spring Initializer?

11. What is Spring Boot CLI and what are its benefits?

12. What are the most common Spring Boot CLI commands?

𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐭 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬:

13. What Are the Basic Annotations that Spring Boot Offers?

14. What is Spring Boot dependency management?

15. Can we create a non-web application in Spring Boot?

16. Is it possible to change the port of the embedded Tomcat server in Spring Boot?

17. What is the default port of Tomcat in Spring Boot?

18. Can we override or replace the Embedded Tomcat server in Spring Boot?

19. Can we disable the default web server in the Spring Boot application?

20. How to disable a specific auto-configuration class?

21. Explain @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?

22. What is the difference between @RestController and @Controller in Spring Boot?

23. Describe the flow of HTTPS requests through the Spring Boot application?

24. What is the difference between RequestMapping and GetMapping?

25. What is the use of Profiles in Spring Boot?

26. What is Spring Actuator? What are its advantages?

27. How to enable Actuator in Spring Boot application?

28. What are the actuator-provided endpoints used for monitoring the Spring Boot application?

29. How to get the list of all the beans in your Spring Boot application?

30. How to check the environment properties in your Spring Boot application?

31. How to enable debugging log in the Spring Boot application?

32. Where do we define properties in the Spring Boot application?

33. What is Dependency Injection?

34. What is an IOC container?

🔹 Core Concepts

⿡ What are the key features of Java?

⿢ Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM.

⿣ What is a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and how does it work?

⿤ Explain the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP).

⿥ How does Java achieve platform independence?

🔹 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

⿦ What are the four pillars of OOP?

⿧ Explain method overloading vs. method overriding.

⿨ What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?

⿩ What is inheritance, and how is it implemented in Java?

🔟 Can you explain polymorphism with an example?

🔹 Collections Framework

⿡⿡ What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

⿡⿢ Explain HashMap vs. Hashtable.

⿡⿣ What are Generics in Java? Why are they used?

⿡⿤ How does ConcurrentHashMap work?

⿡⿥ What is the difference between Set and List?

🔹 Multithreading & Concurrency

⿡⿦ What is a thread in Java, and how is it created?

⿡⿧ Explain the difference between Runnable and Thread.

⿡⿨ What are synchronized blocks, and when would you use them?

⿡⿩ What is the volatile keyword in Java?

⿢⿠ What is a deadlock, and how can it be avoided?

🔹 Advanced Topics

⿢⿡ What is garbage collection, and how does it work?

⿢⿢ Explain Java's memory model.

⿢⿣ What is a Lambda Expression, and how is it used?

⿢⿤ How does Java implement exception handling?

⿢⿥ What are Streams in Java ?

- Diff between Security group vs NACL? So tell me Inbound/Outbound traffic?

- Tell me diff between NAT gateway vs Internet gateway?

- While creating VPC what all components you need to create?

- How did you choose EC2 instance types according to your use case?

- Explain scenario where you used S3 for hosting an application?

- Explain Scenario for S3 use cases across your project? (Like, logs, images)

- What is object lock in S3?

- How would you configure SNS? (Explain Topic, Pub/sub, etc)

- What is Elastic IP's & how it helps you in your project?

- In Canary deployment how would you redirect traffic using Route 53? which routing policy you will use?

-. Tell me more about Gaurduty and CloudTrail? How did they benefit you?

-. What is Control Tower? and why does it helps in governance and compliance?

-. What is S3 versioning and how it helps?

- What is the cross account IAM role?

- How did you get benefit by using User data while provisioning an EC2 instance?

- What is 2/2 status check in EC2?

- How did you troubleshoot auto scaling group failure?

- Diff between Vertical scaling vs horizontal scaling?

- How can two EC2 instances communicate with each other using private IPs without relying on the internet?

- What are the different ways to connect multiple VPC's?

- How can you automate paching of EC2 instances

- What is X ray service?

- Explain AWS Code commit?

- Types of API in API gateway?

1. How would you design an Android app architecture for scalability and maintainability?

2. How would you design a caching mechanism in an Android app?

3. How would you design a notification system in an Android app?

4. How would you handle data synchronization between a server and an Android app?

5. How would you design offline functionality for an Android app?

6. How would you handle security in an Android app?

7. How would you design an image loading and caching system?

8. How would you design an app with a chat feature, like WhatsApp?

9. How would you design an image-sharing feature for a social media app?

10. How would you design an offline-first app?

11. How would you design a scalable app that can handle millions of users?

12. How would you design a notification system for an e-commerce app?

13. How would you design a feature that shows real-time stock prices?

14. How would you ensure security for user data in your app?

15. Explain your approach to caching in Android apps.

16. How would you implement real-time updates in an Android app?

17. How would you handle large data sets or long lists in an Android app?

18. How would you design a background service in Android for periodic tasks?

19. How would you handle user sessions in an Android app?

20. How would you handle analytics and event tracking in an Android app?

21. How would you design an Android app with dynamic content (e.g., news feed or social feed)?

- Reverse the number input-12 output must be 21. And Explain the logic

- Explain the framework of your project.

- Did you use Interface in your project? Explain which Interface you used.

- How to take screenshots in Selenium?

- How to handle alert popups?

- how to select the checkbox?

- Which Webdriver is faster?

- How to handle certificates in Selenium?

- How to find all the links on the page?

- Diff between driver. close() and driver.quite();

- Write the login page feature file with multiple users using scenario outline.

- What is RestAPI?

- What are the types of requests in API?

- Different status Codes in API?

- write a query to get the count of the students from the table?

- What is Agile?

- What is Sprint? How many days of sprints you were having in your project.

- What is Regression testing?How do you prepare the test cases for the Regression testing?

1.Explain the automation framework

2.What unit testing framework are you using

3.What is difference in JUnit and TestNg

4.How can you rerun failed test cases

5.What CI/CD tool have you used

6.Do you know how to create a parametrized pipeline job

7.We need to save username of students, input username and print valid if it contains alphanumeric and invalid if it contains any special charcters or spaces or duplicate username. WAP in java or python to handle it

8.WAP to count occurrences of characters in a string

9.WAP to find the highest number from the array w/o using inbuilt method 10.WAP to reverse the string without using inbuilt method

11.What is difference between string and string buffer

12.What is difference between private, public and protected access modifiers 13.Collections framework heirarchy interfaces and their classes

14.What is difference between hashtable and hashset

15.What is difference between comparable and comparator

16.Explain the exception heirarchy

17.WAP to create a custom exception

18.What is an interface and an abstract class?

19.Why abstract class is allowed to have a constructor

20.Difference between final, finally and finalize?

21.Explain polymorphism

22.WAP to override a function

23.Do you know about Java 8

24.What is java streams and lambda expression

25.What is git rebase and get merge

26.When to use git rebase

27.What is functional interface

28.What is difference in status code 401 and 403

29.What is difference in oAuth 1.0 and oAuth2.0

30.WAP using RestAssured library and include assertions that you would use in a get or post call

31.What is the content type in oAuth2.0

32.Write a SQL query using join (two tables were given and their column names)

33.WAP to handle multiple windows in selenium

34.WAP to capture screenshots in selenium

35.How do you handle synchronisation in automation scripts

36.Write the syntax for fluent wait

37.WAP to read/write data from excel file

38.What are the different stages of an Automation test

39.What are different types of testing

40.What is difference between priority and severity

41.What are fields required to log a bug/defect

42.What is a test plan, what are the things included in it

43.Explain briefly different phases of SDLC

44. The difference between git fetch and git pull

45. Deference between Set , Map, Arraylist and Linked list and when to use

46. Have u customised any exceptions in ur script

47. Get even value from below string array

string str = {ser1,ser2,ser3,ser3,,ser4,ser5,ser6}

48.how to handle multiple widows and how to navigate on that widow which has activated button and click then return back to parent window

49. What is stale exception and how u handle it

50. What is singleton design, explained with examples, if make variable and constructor as private then why we can't we static

51. deference between default and protector access specifier

52.Do we have implemented method in interface and how we can use that method in our script

**𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬:

𝟏. 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: How do you test a new feature in backend automation?

𝟐. 𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬: Explain client-server architecture in REST Assured and the concept of method chaining.

𝟑. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐧: Why use REST Assured for backend automation instead of Postman?

𝟒. 𝐎𝐎𝐏 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬: Which OOP concepts do you apply, and how?

𝟓. 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬: Differences between HashMap and HashTable.

𝟔. 𝐉𝐚𝐯𝐚 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐬: Function overloading vs. overriding, static class concepts, and static initialisers.

𝟕. 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: What are serialization and deserialization?

𝟖. 𝐌𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐒𝐀: How are variables stored in memory?

𝟗. 𝐃𝐒𝐀 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬: What are the primary data structures, and how does a stack work? (With pseudocode!)

𝟏𝟎. 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬: What challenges do you face during test automation?

𝟏𝟏. 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: What is the singleton pattern, and how is it used in test automation?

𝟏𝟐. 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: Explain the structure of your test automation framework.

𝟏𝟑. 𝐀𝐥𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐦 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Find a pair of numbers in a set that adds up to a given target (e.g., [1, 2, 3, 9] with a target of 10).

𝟏𝟒. 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬: Explain iframes and the use of robot classes.

𝟏𝟓. 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬: Discuss dynamic locator strategies and axes XPath syntax.

𝟏𝟔. 𝐂𝐈/𝐂𝐃 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: How have you effectively used CI/CD pipelines, and what was the outcome?

𝟏𝟕. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲 & 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: How do you prepare a test strategy and estimate for new product features?

𝟏𝟖. 𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: Explain microservice architecture, payloads, and their traces.

**𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰:

𝟏. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 & 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬:

Talk about past projects, skills, and tech stack.

𝟐. 𝐐𝐀 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬: Discuss QA best practices and methodologies.

𝟑. 𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨-𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠: Situational questions related to test planning and execution.

𝟒. 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬: Address questions reflecting leadership and decision-making skills.

1 Roles and responsibilities

2 Explain what you done in SQL testing

3 Explain SQL qieries

4 Explain What you done in API testing?

5 Do you have experience in unix?

6 Explain different types of deffect management ?

7 Explain Bug cycle

8 Explain How you handle exception

9 What is xpath?Type of X path.Explain each type

10 What is Wait in Selenium,Diffrernt type of waits,Explain each waits

11 How you convert string 'HELLO' into String 'hello'

1). Code to find the second largest element in a given list

e.g. numbers = [10, 20, 4, 45, 99]

output: 45

2). Write a code to check balanced parentheses and write its test cases

e.g. input : “[()]{}{[()()]()}”

output: True

input: “[(])”

output: False

3). How to do testing in headless mode in selenium ?

4). How will you test the broken links on a web page?

5). Selenium code to test the number of notifications from linkedin account

-How you use Rest API in Rest Assured Framework

-What is idempotency in Request

-Difference between Post & Put?

-Write Code to find 3rd largest Element In an Array

-Count occurrences of letters using Map

-What is the mean of 403(forbidden) Status Code?

-What is the mean of 401(unauthorised) Status Code?

-How do you do Authentication in RestAssured Framework?

-How do you do Authorization in RestAssured Framework?

-Define the implementation of Hashmap.

-few questions based on String as mentioned down

-Write Code to convert String a=”i love programming” to a=”I Love Programming”

-if String a=”ABC”; & String b=new String(“ABC”);

True or False

is(a==b) =?

(a.equals(b))=?

c=”ABC”

(a==c)?

a.equals(c))=?

The interview consisted of three rigorous technical rounds, each lasting approximately 2–2.5 hours. Here's a detailed experience

Each round focused on evaluating problem-solving, coding, and automation testing (UI and API) expertise. Asked a total of four coding questions, alongside questions on Selenium, Java, and testing concepts.

1st coding question :

Move all negative numbers to beginning and positive maintaining order

(need to cover all the test cases with time and space complexity)

ex: Input: -12, 11, -13, -5, 6, -7, 5, -3, -6

Output: -12 -13 -5 -7 -3 -6 11 6 5

2nd coding questions:

Reverse a string preserving space position

(need to cover all the test cases with time and space complexity)

ex: Input: I Am Not String

Output: g ni rtS toNmAI

3rd question:

Given an array of strings strs, group the anagrams together.

(need to cover all the test cases with time and space complexity)

Input: strs = ["eat","tea","tan","ate","nat","bat"]

Output: [["bat"],["nat","tan"],["ate","eat","tea"]]

4th questions:

Print all subarrays with 0 sum

Input: arr = [6, 3, -1, -3, 4, -2, 2, 4, 6, -12, -7]

Output:

Subarray found from Index 2 to 4

Subarray found from Index 2 to 6

Subarray found from Index 5 to 6

Subarray found from Index 6 to 9

Subarray found from Index 0 to 10

Technical Interview Questions:

1. Could you please introduce yourself and share some details about your professional background?

2. Can you describe the automation framework you have used in your project?

3. How would you add new fields to the object repository?

4. Can you explain the structure of your automation framework, providing an example?

5. What is the difference between a single slash (/) and a double slash (//) in XPath?

6. What are the different TestNG annotations, and what is their execution order?

8. Can you explain Jenkins and its role in automation testing?

9. How do you handle alerts in Selenium

10. How do you handle file upload buttons (browse buttons) in Selenium?

11. What is polymorphism, and how is it applied in Selenium?

12. What is method overloading, and in what scenarios do you use method overloading in Selenium?

Client Interview Questions:

1. Can you describe your current project and explain its main components?

2. Which automation framework are you using in your project? Please provide details.

3. What is the Page Object Model (POM), and why is the object repository used in POM?

4. Can you explain the purpose of the Robot class in Selenium?

5. Why is Page Factory used in object repositories?

6. How do you launch Internet Explorer in Selenium WebDriver?

7. How do you use the Select class in Selenium for handling dropdowns?

8. How do you work with frames in Selenium? How many ways can you pass values to frames?

9. Can you explain the use of XPath and sibling elements in XPath?

10. What is the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait in Selenium? Could you also provide the syntax?

11. Could you write a program for taking a screenshot in Selenium?

Round 1 : (Technical)

- Tell me about yourself

- What are different types of exceptions you faced in your framework and how you resolved them

- What is stale element exception ? why it occurs

- use of text() in xpath ?

- why Webdriver driver = new ChromeDriver() is more preferred .(Provide your answers in comment its very famous question)

- Tell me parent class of all exceptions in Java

- API Questions like tell me Bad Request response code , ans :400

- Difference between put vs patch

- Write Java code to remove duplicate elements from array without Hashamap

- How will you take full page screenshot in selenium. Ans : you can use AshotAPI

Round 2 : (Technical with Senior Manager)

- Explain about your current Project and what are roles and responsibilities in current Project ?

- What is use of dynamic ,xpath , write dynamic xpath for Check Availability button on rediffmail create Account Page.

- Xpath axes use and tell me xpath functions you have used .

- RestAssured Questions like what is use of RequestSpecification and ResponseSpecification.

- What is full form of REST ?

- What is JavaScriptExecutor ? write code .

- Different ways to click on element in selenium (Tell me 3 ways)

- How to handle multiple windows in selenium. Write code.

- Write code to read data from excel File.

- Are you comfortable to work with manual testing as well if needed ?

- Difference between final , finally and finalize.

- Can you use multiple catch blocks with try block ?

Round 3 : (HR)

-Salary discussion and how soon you can join.

Round 1 : Technical : (1 hour )

- Asked Selenium Framework in depth.

- Where have you used OOPS Concepts in your framework.

- How to run selenium scripts on already Opened Browser ?

- Selenium Questions : Handle Multiple Windows , Dynamic Dropdowns,handle shadow dom elements

-Print all values of customer salary from given Graph using selenium.

- Java Questions : Functional Interface, Multithreading basics.

- Write Java Code to Print all the Permutations of a given string.

- He gave me a puzzle.I gave him solution after 5 minutes of hit and trial he was convinced 70% with solution.

Round 2 : Technical (1 hour)

- Bug Life cycle. Bug Severity,Priority.

- Write code for Database Connection.

- How will you do parallel testing using testNg , use of IRetryAnalyzer ( asked me to write code)

- Write code and explain Singleton design pattern.

- Git command : fetch ,pull ,clone use.

- Find the Kth largest and Kth smallest element in array.

- Asked me Linux commands.

- He gave me a puzzle and asked me to give best answer possible

Round 3 : Technical ( 1 hour )

- Sort array of 0,1,2 in O(n) time.

- Palindromic substrings Leetcode question.Solved it after few errors.

- How will you write xpaths for disappearing elements in selenium ?

- Few Javascript basics.

- How would you setup your framework with Jenkins. ?

- Gave me one puzzle : I again tried to give answer but he was convinced 50%

- Do you have any questions :I asked him what kind of projects does adobe has and how was his experience.

Round 1 : technical

- Tell me about your experience

- Tell me difference between abstract class and interface.

- Explain your Selenium Framework.

- Why we should not use Thread.sleep in our automation script.

- findElement vs findElements difference

- Use of Xpath axes ?

- Tell me 5 different interface name in Selenium

Round 2 : technical

- Write Logic to Handle IRCTC dropdown using selenium webdriver

- Tell me difference between implicit and explicit waits.

- What are the different kinds of exceptions you faced in Selenium Framework.

- git fetch vs git pull difference.

- What is stale element exception ?

- Write a Java Program to reverse each individual word of a given String.

- What is difference between exception and error.

- Write code to throw your own custom exception in Java.

- Questions from JAVA Streams & Lambda exp

- Have you worked as a team Leader in ur project ?

- How will you handle conflicts between team members.?

- What are common design patterns in Java like Singelton design pattern, decorator pattern (write code)

- Functional Interface use in Java

- Comparable vs Comparator difference

- Jenkins cron expression use

Round 3 : HR

- Why you want to leave your prev organization.

- Salary discussion.

1. Master C# Basics: Get comfortable with C# syntax, data types, and control structures.

2. Use LINQ Efficiently: Master LINQ for powerful querying of collections and databases.

3. Follow SOLID Principles: Keep your code clean and maintainable with SOLID design principles.

4. Embrace Dependency Injection: Use DI to manage services and reduce tight coupling.

5. Leverage Async/Await: Improve application performance with asynchronous programming.

6. Write Unit Tests: Use xUnit for unit testing and ensure high-quality code.

7. Use ILogger for Logging: Log important events with ILogger in ASP.NET Core.

8. Secure APIs with JWT: Implement JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for secure API authentication.

9. Cache Data for Performance: Use MemoryCache and DistributedCache to reduce database calls.

10. Optimize SQL Queries: Use indexed queries and stored procedures for better database performance.

11. Use AutoMapper: Simplify object-to-object mapping with AutoMapper.

12. Follow RESTful Standards: Design RESTful APIs following best practices for scalability and simplicity.

13. Enable API Documentation: Use Swagger/OpenAPI to auto-generate API documentation.

14. Apply CQRS: Separate command and query responsibilities to scale and improve performance.

15. Keep Your Code DRY: Don’t Repeat Yourself – Use functions and classes to eliminate redundancy.

16. Implement Middleware: Use middleware for cross-cutting concerns (e.g., logging, error handling).

17. Leverage Entity Framework Core: Use EF Core for efficient database interactions and migrations.

18. Use Nullable Types: Make use of nullable types to handle missing or optional data safely.

19. Work with Git: Learn Git for version control to manage source code efficiently.

20. Use Docker for Containerization: Simplify deployment with Docker containers.

21. Host on Azure: Use Azure App Services for scalable web hosting and deployment.

22. Apply Caching: Use Redis or Memcached for distributed caching in large applications.

23. Use Configuration Files: Store settings in appsettings.json or environment variables for flexibility.

24. Adopt Microservices Architecture: Break down monolithic applications into microservices for scalability.

25. Avoid N+1 Query Problem: Optimize your database queries to avoid the N+1 problem.

26. Use Migration Scripts: Manage database schema changes with EF Core migrations.

27. Explore gRPC: Use gRPC for fast, cross-platform communication in microservices.

28. Use Lazy Loading: Load data on demand to improve performance with lazy loading.

29. Enable Continuous Integration (CI): Set up CI pipelines for automated testing and deployment.

30. Stay Updated with .NET: Keep up with the latest features and updates in C# and .NET.

1st round :- technical 30mins

1)Questions regarding experience

2)Explain about your framework for selenium

3)Selenium Locators

4)Dropdown handling

5)Some java theoretical questions

2nd round :- technical + managerial 1:30 hrs

1)Again about experience and few questions related to it

2)TestNg annotations

3)Asked to write an XPATH for a element in amazon

4)Given few test steps asked to find what is wrong in those test steps

5)How to handle alerts in selenium

6)Write a selenium script for placing an order in amazon

7)Few manual scenario based questions like what will you do if you get a bug

Round 1: Technical (Coding, Core Concepts, and Automation Tools)

1. Solve the following Java programs:

• Count the occurrence of a specific word in a sentence.

• Replace one element in Array A, then copy all elements from Array A to Array B and print them in descending order.

• Reverse a string while preserving the positions of spaces.

2. Explain the Factory and DataProvider annotations in TestNG.

3. What are the different annotations in TestNG, and what is their sequence of execution?

4. How do you highlight a web element and capture a screenshot of a page in Selenium?

5. How do you handle authentication pop-ups in Selenium WebDriver?

6. What are some basic commands in Git?

7. How do you schedule a job in Jenkins and trigger the build automatically?

8. Write an SQL query to fetch the top 10 records from a table.

9. What is a retrospective meeting in Scrum, and why is it important?

10. What are environmental variables in Postman?

11. What are the different authentication techniques in Rest Assured?

12. Explain FluentWait, Implicit Wait, and Explicit Wait in Selenium.

13. Describe the String Constant Pool in Java.

14. What is a payload in API testing, and how is it used?

Round 2: Behavioral and Managerial Questions

1. Can you share a challenging project you worked on and how you handled it?

2. How do you prioritize tasks when juggling multiple deadlines?

3. Tell me about a time you resolved a conflict within your team. What was your approach?

4. How do you ensure consistent communication with developers and stakeholders?

5. What steps do you take to improve the testing process in your team?

6. How do you handle changes in requirements during a sprint?

7. What’s your approach to mentoring junior team members?

8. How do you measure the success of your test automation efforts?

9. If a test suite fails overnight, how would you address the issue?

10. How do you stay motivated and keep your team engaged under tight deadlines?

Round 1: Technical 1

1. Write a program to reverse a string without using built-in methods.

2. Implement a program to check if a string is a palindrome.

3. Why do you want to transition to or continue in automation testing?

4. Walk me through the automation framework you’ve built or worked on.

Round 2: Technical 2

5. Write a program to remove duplicates from an ArrayList.

6. Write a program to sort a Map by its values.

7. What is the difference between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions?

8. Explain the concept of finally in exception handling with examples.

9. How do you handle exceptions in Selenium WebDriver?

10. What is the difference between Abstract Classes and Interfaces?

11. How is Inheritance implemented in your automation framework?

12. Explain Overloading and Overriding in Java with examples.

13. Have you used static methods in your project? When and why?

14. How do you handle dynamic elements on a webpage?

15. Write the Selenium code to verify broken links on a webpage.

16. Explain the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit().

17. How will you handle JavaScript alerts using Selenium?

18. How do you switch between multiple windows or tabs in Selenium?

19. What is the difference between @BeforeMethod and @BeforeClass in TestNG?

20. How do you prioritize test cases in TestNG?

21. How do you run multiple test suites in TestNG?

22. What are Jenkins pipelines, and how do they work?

23. How do you integrate Jenkins with GitHub?

24. How do you decide which test cases to include in smoke and regression testing?

25. What tools have you used for running regression suites in parallel?

26. Questions about cross-browser testing: What challenges have you faced and how did you solve them?

27. How do you manage test data in your automation framework?

- How would you handle a situation where web element is present on page but not interactable in Selenium? Can you answer ?

- Automate a scenario where a user logs in to his website , navigates to home page, and performs a search. How would you do this using Selenium WebDriver?

- If a web element is constantly changing its locator value dynamically, how would you handle it in your automation script? : Dyamic xpath

-While automating a form submission, one of the fields randomly becomes disabled during runtime. How would you handle this scenario in Selenium?

-How would you handle a situation where an alert pops up unexpectedly during a test, and you need to continue executing further steps after accepting it?

- Suppose You are automating a scenario where you need to upload a file using an input element. How would you do this in Selenium?

- In case of timeout when waiting for an element to load on a page, how would you handle it to ensure your script continues?

-you need to interact with a set of radio buttons on a page, but the labels are dynamically changing , how would you select the appropriate label using Selenium?

- You have to test a scenario where data is entered into a form, and a success message only appears after a short delay. How would you wait for this message to appear on website ?

-In a situation where there is an iframe on the page, and you need to interact with elements inside that iframe, how would you approach this

-If you need to perform a mouse hover action over an element that triggers a hidden menu, how would you automate this action ? : Hint : Actions Class

- You’re testing a page with multiple pop-up windows, and you need to switch between them. How would you switch to a specific window in Selenium? : Hint getWindowHandles

-During selenium automation, an element occasionally fails to load due to network issues. How would you handle this in your test script?

-You need to validate a list of checkboxes, ensuring that only some of them are checked. How would you go about automating this validation in Selenium?

Checking behavior and culture fit [ Whatever answer you are giving, give with concrete example ]

Q1. What drives you to keep working?

Q2. Have you ever been in a point of conflict with anyone like your colleagues / Manager or anyone ? How you handled it.

Q3. Have you ever worked after office hours? Is this ethical??

Q4. Have you ever been through a moment when you got feedback from your manager and what were your actions on it?

Q5. Suppose you have a ML model that takes some data as input, process it and provide output. How will you test this ML model?

Q6. Questions on pytest marker

Q7. Questions on pytest fixture

Q8. How to create customised marker

Q9. Scope in Pytest

Q10. Parametrize fixture

Q11. Can we create and tear down instance within one fixture

Q12. How to skip a test

Q13. How we can automatically run a fixture

Q14. Given code and asked whether it is correct or have any error

Q15. System -> take image input, swap images and give output

-> Test cases from user perspective

-> Image sent by AWS API to backend services, fetch some data, process it and provide output through some API.

- Test this system E2E

- What all type of testing you will do and how you will set up automation

Q16. Puzzle:

You have 1 football ground, 8 teams, total time of all the matches should be 10 hours and the final

match is 2 hours. How you will organize all the matches

Round 1 : ( Technical )

-Q1 : Explain your roles and responsibilities in current project.

-Q2 : Difference between replace and replaceAll in Java

-Q3 : What are Java Streams ? Reverse a number using Java Streams.

-Q4 : Reverse first and last digit of a number ex : 12345 , output : 52341 without converting to string.

-Q5 : How do you handle elements which are a part of shadow root in selenium.

-Q6 : Explain challenges you have faced while designing the selenium framework.

-Q7 : Suppose you have 100 manual test cases , what is your thought process that I should automate these test cases first out of 100 or you will pick any random test case.

-Q8 : API related questions like how will you put validations for API response in Postman.

-Q9 : Do you have knowledge on playwright automation tool as well ?

Round 2 ( Technical )

-Q1 : Tell me about yourself

-Q2 : Difference between isDisplayed(), isEnabled(), isSelected()

-Q3 : How to check presence of an element on webpage using selenium.

-Q4 : How will you handle calendars in Selenium (needed to write code)

-Q5 : How to find All Broken Links of a webpage using Selenium ?

-Q5 : What is meaning of ElementClickIntercepted Exception and how would you handle them.

-Q6 : What is difference between exception and error.

-Q7 : Explain your framework structure and do you know how to create framework from scratch ?

-Q8 : Explain what does mvn clean command does.

-Q9 : What is String in Java ?

-Q10 : Why String is immutable in Java ?

-Round 3 : (Managerial)

-He asked reason for job change and asked questions like tell me what is agile ceremonies and how do you get requirements and asked about notice period and current location.

-Round 4 : (HR Discussion)

-Salary discussion and how soon you can join.

1st round: Coding challenge (Time : 1 hr)

- Minimum processing time problem (hashtag#leetcode)

- 30 mcqs questions on APIs, OOPs, testing techniques, hashtag#automation.

2nd round: Technical (Time: 1 hr 10 mins)

- Introduction

- Explain current project

- How you work in your team. How much focus on manual and automation

- Two sum problem (Leetcode) was given where only single solution is possible. Asked how can I solve this problem in optimized way. Asked for time and space complexity and then asked to complete the code

- String problem Input-> String=aaAAbbCCddd: Output-> String=a2A2C2d3. Asked the approach only and time complexity

- Asked about current project automation hashtag#framework

- Did you made any updates on you framework and what was that?

- What are the challenges you faced in automation perspective in your current project.

- Consider designing a system of Library, books, member. Write down hashtag#functional (positive and negative testcases) and non-functional hashtag#testcases for this scenario. Also consider that a member can be charged fine of 1 Rs/day if they have not returned books from library within 2 weeks.

- What architecture is used in your org:= hashtag#Microservices or hashtag#monolithic?

- What tech stack is used in your org?

1. What are all the versions of selenium?

2. Can you please tell the return type of all the elements?

3. How will you handle dynamics elements?

4. What is HTTP Methods?

5. Explain the use of an object repository in Selenium (.properties file).

6. How do you store data in a .properties file?

7. What is Page Factory in Selenium?

8. What is the difference between @BeforeClass and @BeforeTest in TestNG?

9. What are the tasks typically written under the @BeforeTest annotation?

10. How can you skip a test case in Cucumber?

11. How do you rerun failed test cases in TestNG?

12. How do you group and run test cases in TestNG?

13. What would you include under the @BeforeSuite annotation?

14. Can you explain the different locators used in Selenium?

15. What is a collection in Java?

16. Explain the hierarchy of exceptions in Java.

Round 1: (Technical)

1. Explain about yourself and your roles and responsibilities.

2. Write Java code to reverse a string while preserving the whitespace.

3. Given an SQL table, find the second-largest salary of an employee.

4. Explain the concept of joins and list the different types of joins available.

5. What is LinkedHashMap? Explain its use.

6. Explain black-box testing and white-box testing.

7. What is the difference between an exception and an error?

8. Difference between findElement and findElements.

9. What is the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait?

10. Write Selenium code to automate a calendar WebElement.

11. How would you fetch the text from a text box in Selenium?

12. How do you enter text in an alert using Selenium?

13. What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?

14. If an XPath selects two elements on a webpage, does findElement throw an exception?

15. Explain smoke testing and sanity testing.

16. What are relative locators in Selenium?

17. Explain the challenges you faced in your project.

18. How would you pick test cases for regression testing?

📌 Round 2: (Techno-Managerial)

1. Explain your framework in detail.

2. In your framework, if you have 100 pages, do you create 100 Page Objects?

3. What is an “Element click intercepted” exception, and how do you fix it?

4. How do you take screenshots for failed test cases only in TestNG?

5. Explain how to connect your test cases with Azure.

6. What is the get fetch command?

7. In Postman, how do you delete a variable after test execution is finished?

8. Why do you prefer using Cucumber BDD in your project?

9. Explain dynamic binding and static binding.

10. What is method overloading, and what is method overriding?

11. What is the difference between Comparable and Comparator?

12. How would you conclude that a login page is user-friendly?

13. What are 5 points you consider when writing a good test case?

14. Suppose a developer is not fixing a bug; how would you approach the situation?

15. What are threads in JMeter?

16. Can you automate captchas?

17. In what cases would you require fluent waits?

18. In Selenium, how would you open a new tab?

19. In Jenkins, what is the purpose of a CRON expression?

📌 Round 3: (HR)

1. Salary discussion.

1. Implement a function to perform a binary search on a sorted array to find the index of a given target value.

Input:

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

target = 5

Output:

Index: 4

2. How would you explain the value of automation to a non-technical stakeholder?

3. Can you describe a time when you improved a process that significantly impacted your team’s efficiency?

4. How would you optimise a test suite that takes too long to execute?

5. Given an array of integers, write a function to find the maximum product of any two numbers.

6. Implement a function to detect a cycle in a linked list.

7. Write a function to find the longest substring without repeating characters.

8. Describe how you would test a multi-tier application with distributed systems.

9. How would you write tests for an API with dynamic response data (e.g., timestamps or GUIDs)?

10. What’s your approach to debugging a flaky test in a CI/CD pipeline?

11. Can you describe a time when you identified a major quality issue in production? How did you handle it?

12. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? Give real-world examples of their usage and also the three-way handshake process in TCP.

13. How does DNS resolution work? What is the role of DNS caching?

14. What is virtual memory, and how does it work?

15. Write a Linux command to find the top 10 largest files in a directory.

1. Introduce yourself.

2. Write a test case for the scenario where the search button on amazon was not working and you raised an issue.

3. Write complete steps for navigating to google in selenium ?

4. What is WebDriver ?Interface or class ?

5. Can't we write ChromeDriver instead of WebDriver and why ?

6. Do you know the difference between class and interfaces ?

7. Why can't we write class logic in the interface instead of writing in class implementing it ?

8. Java program to find second max element from an array ?

9. Please let us know your participation in developing the framework for your project ?

10. Kindly explain for pojo classes and how to send requests and extract responses in API automation ? Write the logic ?

11. DO you know Jenkins can you build a pipeline ?

12. Can we use the script to create Jenkins pipeline ?

13. Write a Linux command to create a file ?

14. We have table

EmpID EmpName Salary

Fetch 2nd and 3rd largest salary of emp with name ?

1. Explain your current roles and responsibilities.

2. Explain the current framework structure.

3. Tell me what was the major contribution towards Automation Testing.

4. Scenario based questions on POM and Cucumber.

5. WAP to find the longest palindrome in a string.

6. WAP to get a new array from 2 arrays-

char[] s1= {'A','B','C','D','E','t','Z'};

char[] s2= {'c','d','e','f'};

Output- {a,C,b,D,c,E,d,F,e,t,z}

7. What are idempotent methods in RestAssured.

8. Difference between Path parameter and Query Parameter.

Coding :

Q. Given a binary tree, count the number of occurrences where there are two nodes with the same horizontal distance.

Q. Given a singly linked list, write a recursive method to reverse every 3 nodes in the list.

Q. Given a linked list, write a program to check if it is a palindrome.

Q. First and last occurrence of an element in an array.

Test Design and Automation Framework Questions:

Q. Design a test plan for the tinyurl program.

Q. How do you design and document software test cases for system or subsystem verification?

Q. How will you design an automation framework to test Twitter APIs that are used in a particular site

Testing concepts:

Q. Explain the difference between database testing vs backend testing in the case of Disney login page.

Q. What is compatibility testing?

Q. What is Integrity testing?

Q. Difference between compatibility testing vs Integrity testing?

Q. What would you typically do to assure quality in a project?

Q. Write some test methods for stress testing of Furniture class.

Q. What is the difference between encapsulation and abstraction?

Behavioral :

Q. Tell me about a time when you took customer feedback to improve your products/services.

Q. Why should we hire you?

1. Explain OOP concepts briefly with examples.

2. Describe your experience with method overriding in your project.

3. What is polymorphism? Explain compile-time and runtime polymorphism.

4. Write a Java program to count the vowels in the string "user name".

5. Discuss the API testing tools (SoapUI, Rest Assured, Postman) you’ve used in your current project.

6. What is the 503 error status? When and why does it occur?

7. What are the common success status codes in API responses? Explain 200 and 201.

8. List the four commonly used HTTP methods in Postman

(GET, PUT, POST, DELETE).

9. What test automation framework are you using with Selenium in your current project?

10. How do you import test data from an Excel file for different scenario outlines in a feature file?

11. Describe Gherkin syntax. What are the most common terms used in a feature file (Given, When, And, Then)?

12. What types of reports are used in Cucumber BDD?

13. Explain the concepts of tags, background, and hooks in Selenium Cucumber BDD.

14. What are the key components of a step definition file? Discuss @𝗖𝘂𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗴𝗹𝘂𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗱𝗲, 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝘁𝗮𝗴𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻.

15. Explain the defect lifecycle - 𝗡𝗲𝘄, 𝗜𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗙𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱, 𝗜𝗻 𝗤𝗔, 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱, 𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗱.

16. Discuss your experience with Jira, Agile, Scrum, user stories, sprints, and the difference between sprint reviews and retrospectives.

17. Where do you document testing resources like test strategies, test sign-off documents?

18. Write an XPath to find and list all titles of iPhone products on Amazon.in.

Round 1 : ( Aptitude and Technical Round Online Test) , can you answer last 4 questions 😀👍

Online aptitude round consists of verbal ability questions , make sure to pick other question if you don't know answer , RestAssured API Questions , Good Level Java Programs were there too.

Round 2 : ( Technical )

Write Java Program to find the maximum sum subarray.

How System.out.println( ) works ?

Write code to achieve multiple Inheritance using Interface ?

Why String is immutable in Java ? StringBuffer use.

How would you design test cases for an application where the requirements are not clear?

Suppose you have 10 test cases and they are failing randomly what will be your approach on fixing those scripts.

What is Bug Life cycle , explain in detail.

Suppose you are working with multiple tabs in selenium, how would you wait in selenium ,until the number of opened tabs should be equal to 4

How to wait for the file download to finish in selenium ?

What are dataProviders in testNg. ?

What are challenges you faced while working with framework ?

What are listeners in testNg ?

Share screen and asked to write xpath using sibling concept.

Is there any situation where you didn't agreed with developer and how did you handled them.

Do you know factory design pattern ?

Round 3 : ( Technical round )

How would you decide that I need to stop testing for a particular feature

Suppose requirements are not clear to you what is your approach ?

How would you handle calendars in Selenium ?

Actions class vs Select class ?

What would you do if requirements missing during testing ?

How would you fetch the attribute value of an element in selenium.

What is Multi Threading in Java

What are global variables and environment variables in postman.

I want to check API response is correct or not but when hitting API using GET ,it takes 1 minute for response to come , is there other HTTP Method ?

Do you know use of TRACE API Method ? (write ans in comment )

How would you ensure test cases you written are complete ?

How you will test for security vulnerability in your application ?

One question from Java stream related to finding duplicate element.j

Round 4 : ( HR )

How soon you can join ?

Why did you leave your last job?

Are you willing to relocate or travel for the job?

Salary discussion etc.

Technical Interviews:

1. Backend Automation: How do you test a new feature in backend automation?

2. REST Assured Basies: Explain client-server architecture in

REST Assured and the concept of method chaining.

3. Comparison with Postman: Why use REST Assured for backend automation instead of Postman?

4. 00P Concepts in Test Frameworks: Which OOP concepts do you apply, and how?

5. Data Structures: Differences between HashMap and HashTable.

6. Java Fundamentals: Function overloading vs. overriding, static class concepts, and static initialisers.

7. Serialization: What are serialization and deserialization?

8. Memory Management in DSA: How are variables stored in memory?

9. DSA Types: What are the primary data structures, and how does a stack work? (With pseudocode!)

10. Automation Challenges: What challenges do you face during test automation?

11. Design Patterns: What is the singleton pattern, Builder Pattern etc., and how is it used in test automation?

12. Framework Architecture: Explain the structure of your test automation framework.

13. Algorithm Question: Find a pair of numbers in a set that adds up to a given target (e.g., [1, 2, 3, 9] with a target of 10).

14. Selenium Details: Explain iframes and the use of robot classes.

15. Dynamic Locators: Discuss dynamic locator strategies and axes XPath syntax.

16. CI/CD Experience: How have you effectively used CI/CD pipelines, and what was the outcome?

17. Test Strategy & Estimation: How do you prepare a test strategy and estimate for new product features?

18. Microservices Architecture: Explain microservice architecture, payloads, and their traces.

Managerial Interview:

1. Project & Experience Discussions:

Talk about past projects, skills, and tech stack

2. QA Methodologies: Discuss QA best practices and methodologies

3. Scenario-Based Testing: Situational questions related to test planning and execution

4. Leadership Principles: Address questions reflecting leadership and decision-making skills

1. Explain OOPs concepts briefly with examples ?

2. Describe your experience with method overriding in your project ?

3. What is polymorphism ? Explain compile-time and runtime polymorphism ?

4. Write a Java Program to count the vowels in the String "user name" ?

5. Discuss the API testing tools(SoapUI, Rest Assured, Postman) you have used in your current

project?

6. What is 503 error status ? When and why does it occur ?

7. What are the common success status codes in API responses? Explain 200 and 201.

8. List the four commonly used HTTP methods in Postman (Get, Put, Post, Delete)

9. What test Automation framework are you using with Selenium in your current project ?

10. How do you import test data from an excel file for different scenario outlines in a feature

file ?

11. Describe Gherkin syntax. What are the most common terms used in a feature file( Given, When and Then)

12. What types of reports are used in cucumber bdd ?

13. Explain the concepts of tags, background and hooks in Selenium Cucumber bdd ?

14. What are the key components of a step definition file ?

15. Explain the defect lifecycle ?

16. Discuss your experience with Jira, Agile, scrum user stories, sprints and the difference

between sprint reviews and retrospectives ?

17. Where do you document testing resources like test strategies, test sign-off documents ?

18. Write an xpath to find and list all titles of iPhone products on Amazon.in

Technical Interviews:

1. Please introduce yourself.

2. Please explain your Automation Framework, all the components.

3. What is a Page Object Model?

4. How do you run your test cases in parallel in Cucumber?

5. Explain the contents of the Runner File in Cucumber?

6. What is a Singleton Design Pattern?

7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Page Object Model?

8. What is Selenium Grid?

9. Explain the WebDriver create statement line?

11. Explain the Maven Lifecycle?

12. How do you run the failed test cases?

13. How do you generate Reports in Selenium?

14. How do you customise reports after your test execution?

15. What kind of waits are there in Selenium?

16. Write the Code Snippet for Explicit Wait?

17. Write the Code Snippet for Drag and Drop in Selenium?

18. How do you switch to different Windows in Selenium?

19. Why do we use SET in Window Handles?

20. Write the Code for taking screenshot in Selenium?

21. What is the difference between Scenario and Scenario Outline in Cucumber?

22. How do you pass data to your Selenium Scripts?

23. How do you decide the priorities of your Test Cases?

24. If you want to execute one test case again and again how do you do that?

25. What are the different annotations used in TestNG?

26. Write the hierarchy of annotations in TestNG?

27. What is the defect life cycle?

28. What is the difference between Agile and Waterfall Model?

29. What is the difference between 201 and 204 Status Code?

30. What is the difference between 401 and 403 Status Code?

31. What are the components of an API Request?

32. What is the difference between Query Parameters and Path Parameters?

33. How do you resolve Conflicts in Git?

34. What is the difference between git pull and git patch?

35. Explain the use of Jenkins in the Automation Framework?

1. What is Constructor and Abstraction in Java?

2. What is SDLC and STLC? And Explain its phases.

3. Define your roles and responsibility.

4. What is regression testing?

5. What are different methodologies of SDLC? Explain each.

6. Define Agile?

7. Define Scrum And Sprint?

8. What is the estimation in Sprint?

9. What is sprint backlog?

10. What are the different reports in Testing?

11. What are the key components of the TestCase report?

12. What are the components of a defect report?

13. What is Jira?

14. How do you log defect in Jira?

15. How do you link bugs with the user story?

16. What is sprint?

17. Define black box and white box testing,

18. Define functional testing.

19. Define the oops concept in java.

20. Give me examples of oops which you used in your framework.

21. What is TestNG?

22. What is usability testing?

23. What are the steps for reporting the defect in Jira?

24. Define Structure of Selenium?

25. How will you handle the dropdown in selenium?

26. Different types of wait in selenium? Explain each of them.

27. Difference between hard and soft assertion?

28. Why are we using "WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver ()"?

Why can't we write RemoteDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

29. Explain the different Annotations in TestNG?

30. Define Priority and Severity of the Bug?

31. How to maximize the screen in Selenium?

32. What are the different closure reports?

33. What is the difference between a Test Plan and a Test Strategy document?

34. Define Bug lifecycle of JIRA.

35. What is final keyword?

36. What is Constructor Overloading?

37. How do you handle frames in Selenium?

38. Write Scenario outline in Cucumber.

39. What is Explicit wait and write syntax.

40. What is difference between Quit and Close in Selenium?

1. Can you briefly introduce yourself?

2. What are three OOP concepts used in your framework? Please explain in detail.

3. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

4. How do POST and PUT methods differ in API testing?

5. Write a program to count and print the number of 'A's in a given string.

6. What is a Stale Element Exception? Why does it occur, and how do you handle it?

7. Explain 401 and 500 error codes.

8. What is an Element Not Found Exception? Why does it occur, and how do you handle it?

9. Write a program to find the factorial of a number.

10. Write a program to reverse a number.

11. What is the difference between List and Set in Java?

12. Write a program to count duplicate characters in a string.

13. Which CI/CD pipeline tools have you used? Can you explain your experience with them?

14. What domain experience do you have in your career so far?

15. How many team members have you led in your projects?

16. Can you explain Polymorphism, along with examples of Method Overloading and Method Overriding?

17. Do you have any questions for us?

Automation & Design:

1. Explain your custom automation framework architecture. Why did you choose it over existing solutions?

2. How do you integrate your automation suite with CI/CD pipelines (e.g., Jenkins, GitHub Actions)?

3. Write a Selenium + Java code to handle multiple browser windows and fetch dynamic data.

4. How would you scale your automation framework for microservices-based architecture?

API & Performance:

5. How do you test APIs that have rate-limiting?

6. What strategy do you use to validate asynchronous APIs (e.g., payment gateways)?

7. How do you measure and optimize API response time in your tests?

Scenario-Based (Critical Thinking):

8. Payments at PayPal must never fail. If 0.5% of transactions fail intermittently in production, how would you debug and fix this issue?

9. A new feature needs to be deployed in 2 hours, but the regression suite takes 6 hours. What’s your approach?

10.How do you test security and fraud scenarios for digital payments?

Round 1:

🔹Tell me about yourself

🔹Common exceptions you’ve faced in your automation framework and

how you resolved them

🔹What causes StaleElementReferenceException in Selenium?

🔹Use of text() in XPath – when and why

🔹Why do we prefer WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver()?

🔹Parent class of all exceptions in Java?

🔹HTTP status codes: What is 400 (Bad Request)?

🔹Difference between PUT and PATCH

🔹Java coding: Remove duplicates from an array (without HashMap)

🔹How to capture full-page screenshot using Selenium?

Round 2: Techno Managerial

🔹Walk me through your current project + your role

🔹Write dynamic XPath for the “Check Availability” button on Rediffmail

🔹What are XPath axes and which functions have you used most?

🔹REST Assured: Purpose of RequestSpec and ResponseSpec

🔹What is the full form of REST?

🔹What is JavaScriptExecutor? Show code usage

🔹3 different ways to click on a web element in Selenium

🔹How do you handle multiple browser windows? (Code)

🔹How do you read data from Excel files in Java?

🔹Would you be comfortable doing manual testing if needed?

🔹Difference between final, finally, and finalize

🔹Can you use multiple catch blocks with a single try?

1. Write a Java program for the given string transformation:

Input: tomorrow

Output: t3m3223w

2. Can we use a try block without a catch block? Can we use a try block with a finally block?

3. Write a code snippet to handle multiple selections from a dropdown. Also, provide XPath for specific web elements.

4. How can we run specific test cases in TestNG? Provide 2-3 different ways.

5. What is the difference between git merge and git rebase?

6. How can we achieve abstraction in a real-time Selenium framework?

7. Why do you use and implement Shadow DOM elements?

8. How did you integrate AWS into your project, and what reporting mechanism did you use?

9. What collections have you used? Explain the differences between List, Set, and Map.

10. What are the HTTP status codes used for negative scenarios in API testing?

11. If the UI is not ready and you need to perform a file upload scenario, what API checks should be in place?

12. Can we create two Scenario Outline sections in a single feature file in Cucumber?

𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟭: 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 & 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀

1. Introduce yourself.

2. How can you execute Selenium test cases on a remote machine?

3. How do you pass the browser name as an argument from a Jenkins file to a Cucumber step definition?

4. Which TestNG listeners have you used in your automation framework?

5. In Cucumber, how can you ensure that a specific piece of code runs only before the first scenario in a feature file?

6. Given an array {6, 8, 11, 6, 7, 18} and a target sum of 17, write a program to find the indices of any two elements whose sum equals the target.

7. What is the purpose of interfaces in Java? Provide examples of how you have implemented them in your test automation framework.

8. Write an XPath expression to locate the label named "Senior Citizen" on the SpiceJet UI.

9. How do you integrate and execute your Selenium tests in a CI/CD pipeline?

10. What approach would you take to identify and validate broken links on a web page?

𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟮: 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮, 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗣𝗜, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀

1. Explain the static keyword in Java and its primary use cases.

2. What is the purpose of a constructor in Java? How does it differ from a method?

3. Write a Java program to determine the most frequently occurring character and the least frequently occurring character in a given string.

4. Write an XPath expression to locate a specific cell in a web table based on the value of a neighboring cell.

5. A particular text can appear in any cell within a web table. How would you locate it dynamically?

6. What is dependency injection in Rest Assured? How does it enhance API testing?

7. Explain the difference between HTTP 401 (Unauthorized) and HTTP 403 (Forbidden) status codes.

📌 𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟏 (𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 – 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤, 𝐀𝐏𝐈)

👉 Tell me about your current project and the framework you’re using.

👉 What design patterns have you used in your automation framework?

👉 Explain the Singleton pattern with example.

👉 How is the Factory pattern used in browser handling?

👉 How do you manage browser drivers and avoid duplication in your test setup?

👉 What types of waits do you use, and where exactly?

👉 How do you handle flaky tests?

👉 How do you validate API responses using REST Assured?

👉 What is the difference between HashSet, LinkedHashSet, and TreeSet?

👉 What is the role of ITestListener and IRetryAnalyzer in TestNG?

👉 How do you manage screenshots and logs in your test reports?

👉 Have you implemented Jenkins + Git integration for CI/CD?

𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟐 (𝐉𝐚𝐯𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 + 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬)

👉 Write Java code to count character frequency in a string using Streams.

👉 Write code to check if a number is a palindrome without converting to string.

👉 Write code to remove all non-alphabet characters from a sentence.

👉 Difference between Abstract Class and Interface with example.

👉 What is the use of transient and volatile in Java?

👉 Difference between ConcurrentHashMap and HashMap.

👉 What is method hiding vs method overriding?

👉 What is the default value of object references and primitive types?

👉 How do you sort a list of custom objects by multiple fields?

📌 𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟑 (𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 + 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧)

👉 How do you plan automation in a fast-paced sprint cycle?

👉 How do you prioritize which test cases to automate first?

👉 Describe a situation where a last-minute change broke your scripts – how did you fix it?

👉 How do you ensure quality and code reviews in a multi-member automation team?

👉 How do you contribute to knowledge sharing and team learning?

👉 1st Round: - (F2F - interview 👤-👤) Over 1hr Discussion

1) Tell me about your self

2) Explain your experience in CI/CD tools and how do you used it?

3) Give me some commands in Linux

4) Command to generate SSH Key

5) What if user lost SSH key?

6) Command to show memory usage & CPU processing's?

7) Command to kill any one of process

8) How will you change user access or privileges?

9) What are GitHub actions?

10) Difference between GitHub actions & Jenkins?

11) Any Branching strategics you followed in your organization?

12) How much you are confident in Kubernetes & Docker?

13) How will you stop POD in K8s?

14) How will you replicate a POD?

15) Command to get logs in K8s?

16) what will you do if POD is not responding?

17) What will you do if POD is getting more load and we need to stay it healthy before it gets died

18) what is docker?

19) How docker is useful & how will you implement in your pipeline?

20) How will you find out merge conflicts?

21) what kind of tools will you prefer for SAST & DAST securities?

22) How will you manage your ServiceNow task assigned to you & what basis will you pick those and solve it?

👉 2nd Round: - (Online Interview 💻)

1) How much experience you have in writing pipeline scripts?

2) Write a pipeline script of implementing some tools by Groovy language?

3) Have you created pipeline script end to end what kind of tools you used?

3) How will you create GitHub actions?

4) Did you gave any ideas to your team or project in DevOps to improve the deployments? if any what are they?

5) How much will you rate yourself about Linux & Python languages?

6) How far you are good in using Ai in DevOps? (GitHub Copilot)

7) How about Monitoring tools? what you have used in your organization?

8) How are alerts managed in Prometheus or Grafana?

- Coding Questions

Q. Find the last repeating character in a string

Q. Reverse a string of words by splitting it where we find special character & ensure special character position is intact.

Q. How to find peak (element that is greater than all its sides) of a two dimensional array.

- Testing concept

Q. What test cases you can write for a two lifts that operate in sync for 4 floor building.

Q. What test cases we can write if this code is given by a developer.

Q. How to handle broken links?

Q. How to handle calenders scenarios?

Q. How to handle dynamic tables ?

Q. How will you automate captcha?

- Java & OOPS Concepts

Q. SQL, OOPS concept, Live coding, Java Collections, Primitive Data types, Garbage collection

Q. What is difference between Singleton and Static.

Q. Some basic Java questions: static? difference between abstract and interface? final finally finalize? array vs linkedlist? hashmap vs hashtable? Etc.

Q. Mutable and Immutable concepts in java

Q. Exceptions in java

Q. Can we create a instance for interface

Q. How to convert Array to ArrayList

- Selenium/ Cucumber / TestNG

Q. How can you find duplicate options in dropdown (Selenium)

Q. Exceptions in selenium

Q. How to perform Mouse operations

Q. How cucumber will know defination of specific step should present in step defination file

Q. How can you run specific test case multiple times in TestNG

Q. Sql query to find position of 'o' in 'John' in firstname of employee table and convert it into Upper case

Q. Write the script to track one process in the system and kill it if it hangs for some particular period of time.

Phone Screening

Brief intro about my current role

Focused discussion on Selenium, TestNG, and API Testing experience

No deep theory – straight into practical, real-world testing scenarios

1st Round – Technical Coding

Tools & Tech: Java

Selenium

TestNG

Selenium Task:

Automate login flow of an e-commerce application using Page Object Model (POM)

Java Tasks:

Reverse a string

Check if a string is a palindrome

TestNG:

Write a test class with 3 methods and prioritize execution using @Test(priority=...)

Key Topics Discussed:

XPath vs CSS Selectors (especially for dynamic elements)

Explicit Waits (WebDriverWait) for element syncing

Assertions and result validation practices

Maven project structure and the purpose of pom.xml

2nd Round – Technical Discussion with QA Lead

Focus: Framework design, code reusability, and API automation

Deep dive into the existing automation framework I’ve worked on

Design Patterns used: POM, Singleton, Factory Pattern

Hands-on Tasks:

Create a reusable method to capture screenshots on test failure

Implement a retry mechanism using IRetryAnalyzer

API Testing with Rest Assured:

Validate HTTP status codes and JSON responses

Parameterize inputs and test for edge cases

Managerial Round

Focus: Communication, ownership & team collaboration in Agile

Reported test progress and bugs to stakeholders

Shared insights via automation test reports

Identified and resolved critical bugs

Contributed to Agile sprint planning and test ownership

1. Write search_list to find a target in a linked list (nodes as dicts with value/next). Handle empty lists.

Twist: Optimize for cycle detection or recursive reversal.

2. Sum all digits in a floating-point string (e.g., "123.45" → 1+2+3+4+5=15).

Follow-up: Process streaming data with memory limits.

3. Given two rectangles (8 coordinates), write rectangle_overlap returning True/False.

Edge Case: Partially overlapping edges or nested rectangles.

4. Find users with <3 orders or <$500 total spend using JOINs and aggregates.

Testing perspective: Validate query results against corrupted test data.

5. Mirror a binary tree.

6. Implement in-order iterator with next()/hasNext().

7. Design tests for a payment API with OAuth2. Include idempotency checks and rate-limiting.

Expectation: RestAssured/Postman examples + boundary cases (e.g., expired tokens).

8. How would you reduce flakiness in UI tests for a trading platform with dynamic data?

Answer: Dockerized test envs, explicit waits, and AI anomaly detection.

9. Build a Jenkins pipeline for nightly regression tests. Include failure alerts and retry mechanisms.

10. How would you handle a dispute with developers over bug severity before a release?

11. Your team has 48 hours before a major release. What do you automate vs. manually test?

𝟏. 𝐒𝐃𝐋𝐂 & 𝐒𝐓𝐋𝐂

1. What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? Name the common models.

2. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

3. Explain the different phases of STLC.

4. What is the difference between SDLC and STLC?

5. In which SDLC model would testing be involved from the very beginning?

𝟐. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 & 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲

6. What is Software Testing? Why is it important?

7. Explain the difference between Error, Bug, Defect, and Failure.

8. What is a Test Case? What are the key components of a good test case?

9. What is a Test Scenario? How is it different from a Test Case?

10. What is Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)? Why is it used?

11. What is the difference between Severity and Priority? Give examples.

12. What is a Test Plan? What does it include?

13. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

14. What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Testing?

𝟑. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬

15. What are Test Design Techniques? Why do we use them?

16. Explain Equivalence Partitioning with an example.

17. Explain Boundary Value Analysis with an example. Why is it used with Equivalence Partitioning?

18. What is Decision Table Testing? Give an example.

19. What is State Transition Testing? Give an example (e.g., login page, ATM).

20. What is Use Case Testing?

21. What is the difference between Positive and Negative Testing?

4. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬

22. Explain the difference between Functional and Non-Functional Testing.

23. What is Regression Testing? When is it performed?

24. What is Re-Testing?

25. What is Smoke Testing? Why is it called a "Build Verification Test"?

26. What is Sanity Testing? How is it different from Smoke Testing?

27. What is Exploratory Testing? What is its advantage?

28. What is Ad-hoc Testing?

29. What is Usability Testing? What do you look for?

30. What is Compatibility Testing?

31. What is Recovery Testing?

32. What is Security Testing? Can you think of a simple test for a login page?

33. What is Performance Testing? Name its different types (Load, Stress, etc.).

34. What is Alpha and Beta Testing?

35. What is System Testing and Integration Testing? Which comes first?

𝟓. 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭/𝐁𝐮𝐠 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐂𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐞

36. What is a Defect/Bug Life Cycle?

37. Draw a diagram of a standard defect life cycle.

38. Explain the different statuses of a bug: New, Open, Assigned, Fixed, Reopened, Closed, Rejected, Deferred.

39. What information is crucial to include in a good bug report?

40. What would you do if a developer rejects your bug, saying "It's not an issue"?

𝟔. 𝐀𝐠𝐢𝐥𝐞 & 𝐎𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬

41. What is Agile methodology?

42. What is a Sprint in Scrum?

43. What are the different ceremonies in Scrum (Sprint Planning, Daily Stand-up, etc.)?

44. What is a User Story? What are the Acceptance Criteria?

45. What is the definition of "Done" in your current project?

𝟕. 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐬

46. How would you test a login page? (A classic! Expect a structured answer with positive, negative, security, usability tests).

47. How would you test a pen?

48. How would you test an elevator?

49. How would you test a search functionality (like Google search)?

50. How would you test an e-commerce "Add to Cart" feature?

51. How would you test a mobile calculator app?

52. You have a very tight deadline. How do you prioritize your testing?

53. You found a critical bug just before a release. What would you do?

54. The requirements for a feature are unclear. What do you do?

55. How do you know when to stop testing?

𝟖. 𝐒𝐐𝐋 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 (𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

56. What is a database? Why do testers need SQL?

57. What is a primary key? A foreign key?

58. Write a basic SQL query to select all data from a table called Employees.

59. How would you find the second highest salary from an Employees table?

60. What is the WHERE clause used for? Give an example.

61. What is the ORDER BY clause used for?

62. What is the JOIN clause? Can you name different types (focus on INNER and LEFT JOIN)?

𝟗. 𝐀𝐏𝐈 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 (𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥)

63. What is an API?

64. What is API Testing? Why is it important?

65. What are the common HTTP methods? (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

66. What is the difference between a GET and a POST request?

67. What are HTTP status codes? What do 200, 201, 400, 401, 404, 500 mean?

68. What is a REST API?

69. What is JSON? What does it look like?

70. What tools have you heard of for API testing? (Postman, SOAPUI).

𝟏𝟎. 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐬

71. What is Automation Testing?

72. What are the advantages of automation testing over manual testing?

73. What are the disadvantages or limitations of automation testing?

74. What kind of test cases should we not automate?

75. What kind of test cases are good candidates for automation? (e.g., repetitive, stable, smoke suites).

76. What is the difference between a scripting language and a programming language?

77. Have you heard of Selenium? What is it?

78. What are the different components of Selenium? (Selenium IDE, WebDriver, Grid).

79. What is Selenium WebDriver?

80. What are locators in Selenium? Name different types (ID, Name, XPath, CSS Selector).

Round 1 : ( Aptitude and Technical Round Online Test),30 min approx , from home you can give online test

Online aptitude round consists of verbal ability questions , make sure to pick other question if you don't know answer , RestAssured API Questions , Good Level Java Programs were there too.

Round 2 : ( Technical ) This round you need to give from office , they conducted a written test on a paper

Write Java Program to find the reverse of string.

Count frequency of each character of a string

HashMap Related questions

Round 3 : ( Technical round )

Explain internal working of ThreadLocal class

What is stored procedure in sql

What is Multi Threading in Java

Asked to write Rest Assured code

SQL Joins

Round 5: ( Client round virtual )

Second maximum number in array

Api , SQL Joins , Manual Testing concepts.